مرور روایی ادبیات طراحی سیاست در سیاستگذاری عمومی؛ چشم‌اندازی نظری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری سیاستگذاری عمومی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استاد سیاستگذاری عمومی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

طراحی سیاست یکی از چارچوب‌های نظری متأخر در فهم فرآیند شکل‌ گیری راه‌حل‌های سیاستی برای پاسخ به مسائل است. طراحی سیاست در سال‌های اخیر به عنوان زمینه مطالعاتی مجزایی در کنار زمینه‌های نظیر اجرا‌پژوهی در مطالعات سیاستگذاری عمومی شکل گرفته است. به رغم توجه اندک به این زمینه مطالعاتی، نظریات و چارچوب‌های مختلفی در این حوزه برای فهم فرآیند سیاستگذاری ارائه شده است که هر یک بینش‌های مفیدی را برای سیاست‌ پژوهان و تحلیل‌گران سیاست به همراه خواهد داشت. در این مقاله سعی شده است تا با بهره‌گیری از روش مرور روایی ادبیات، چشم‌اندازی جامع از رویکردهای نظری متفاوت طراحی سیاست، اصول، مبانی و مفروضات آنان ارائه شود. بر طبق یافته‌ها، دو رویکرد غالب در طراحی سیاست شامل ابزارسازی یا انتخاب ابزار و برساخت‌گرایی اجتماعی است. رویکردهای ارتباط طراحی با مدل حکمرانی، مسائل بغرنج و طراحی، علوم رفتاری، نظام مشاوره سیاستی، تحولات دیجیتال و طراحی چابک نیز از دیگر رویکردهای نظری این زمینه مطالعاتی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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