سیاستگذاری عمومی

سیاستگذاری عمومی

چشم انداز رئالیستی سیاست‌های مقابله با فساد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
استادیار جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران
چکیده
سیاست‌های مقابله با فساد مبتنی بر پیش‌فرض‌های معرفتی اثبات‌گرایانه و تفسیری است. در پارادایم اثباتی، دو رویکرد نظری حکمرانی خوب و اقتصاد سیاسی و در پارادایم تفسیری دو رویکرد تئوری کنش جمعی و فاصله طرح-واقعیت در زمینه بررسی علل شکست سیاست‌های مقابله با فساد مطرح است. این رویکردها از نظر مؤلفه‌های پارادایمیک خالی از اشکال نیستند. به‌طور کلی پارادایم اثباتی و تفسیری با رویکردهای خود نگاه جامع و بسنده‌ای به فرایندهای مداخله، مکانیزم برنامه، زمینه، مکانیزم‌های خنثی‌کننده و بحث علّیت ندارند. برای همین جایگزین آن یعنی چشم انداز رئالیستی معرفی می‌شود. پارادایم رئالیستی در ساحت‌های معرفت‌شناختی فلسفی، هستی‌شناختی اجتماعی و روش‌شناختی کاربردی، ترکیب‌های تحلیلی را ارائه می‌دهد که ذاتاً تلفیقی است. رویکرد رئالیستی معتقد است می‌توان موفقیت و یا شکست سیاست‌های مقابله با فساد را با ترکیب تئوری برنامه مداخله-زمینه-مکانیزم برنامه-پیامد مورد مداقه قرار داد. از این طریق تئوری برنامه، مکانیزم علّی و زمینه‌ای مشخص می‌گردد که قرار است سیاستی موفق شود.
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