آب، سیاست و پایداری: بررسی تطبیقی حکمرانی آب در استرالیا و ایران؛ مطالعه موردی حوزه آبریز موری دارلینگ و دریاچه ارومیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم سیاسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار علوم سیاسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

10.22059/jppolicy.2026.107831

چکیده

در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک، بحران آب به چالشی جدی در مدیریت منابع تبدیل شده است. این پژوهش با رویکرد تطبیقی، حکمرانی آب در دو حوضه دریاچه ارومیه در ایران و موری–دارلینگ در استرالیا را بر اساس چارچوب چندمرکزی اوستروم بررسی می‌کند. هدف، تحلیل نقش ساختارهای نهادی، استقلال سازمانی، انعطاف‌پذیری سیاست‌ها و میزان مشارکت اجتماعی در موفقیت یا ناکامی احیای منابع آبی است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که در استرالیا، وجود نهادهای مستقل، مشارکت مؤثر ذی‌نفعان و سازوکارهای منعطف سیاستی به احیای منابع و کاهش بحران‌های زیست‌محیطی انجامیده است. در مقابل، حکمرانی متمرکز و ضعف نهادهای نظارتی در ایران موجب تداوم بحران و ناکامی در احیای دریاچه ارومیه شده است. این مطالعه بر ضرورت ایجاد نهادهای مستقل، تقویت مشارکت عمومی و توسعه ابزارهایی مانند بازارهای آب و تخصیص حقابه زیست‌محیطی برای بهبود حکمرانی آب در ایران تأکید می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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سیاستگذاری عمومی
دوره 12، شماره 2
تیر 1405
صفحه 304-319

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