ملاحظاتی برای سیاستگذاری حقوقی قراردادهای هوشمند

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار حقوق خصوصی مؤسسه حقوق تطبیقی دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد حقوق خصوصی دانشگاه علوم قضایی

چکیده

توسعه تجارت الکترونیکی منجر به ایجاد سه نسل از قراردادهای الکترونیکی از قراردادهای مبتنی بر امضائات باینری تا قراردادهای داده گرا و قراردادهای هوشمند شده است. این تحقیق با توجه به روش اسنادی به دنبال پاسخ به این است که مفهوم قراردادهای هوشمند چه بوده و اساساً این قراردادها معتبر تلقی می شوند؟ ویژگی خوداجرایی در این قراردادها به چه معناست و چه نقشی در توسعه نظام مبادلاتی دارد؟ آیا قواعد عمومی حاکم بر قراردادها می تواند پاسخگوی نیازهای این دسته قراردادها باشد؟ این تحقیق با مطالعه تطبیقی حقوق امریکا به دنبال بیان این مطلب است که این قراردادها با توجه به دارابودن ویژگی خوداجرایی، نسبت به اجرای مفاد قرارداد بدون دخالت فرد سوم و اعمال ضمانت اجراهای عدم انجام تعهدات قراردادی اقدام و این ویژگی باتوجه به دارابودن خصوصیت افزایش امنیت، کاهش هزینه و افزایش سرعت و دقت در انعقاد معاملات منجر به توسعه نظام مبادلاتی می گردد.

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