استخراج مؤلفه‌های کلیدی طراحی نظام تنظیم‌گری تأمین مالی انتخابات

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشی دبیرخانه شورای عالی انقلاب فرهنگی، تهران، ایران.

2 کارشناسی ارشد سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران

3 دکتری مدیریت دولتی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران، ایران

چکیده

امروزه تنظیم‌گری تأمین مالی انتخابات به یکی از عناصر مهم نظام‌های سیاسی تبدیل شده است. در نتیجه افزایش نقش پول در انتخابات‌ها، دولت‌ها اقدام به اعمال قوانین و مقرراتی کرده‌اند که با عنوان کلی تنظیم‌گری تأمین مالی سیاسی و به صورت مشخص‌تر تنظیم‌گری تأمین مالی انتخابات شناخته می‌شود. در این پژوهش تلاش شده است تا با مرور ادبیات پژوهشی و سیاستی موجود و با استفاده از روش تحلیل مضمون، چارچوب جامعی از مؤلفه‌های اصلی تشکیل‌دهنده یک نظام تنظیم‌گری تأمین مالی انتخابات که قابلیت بهره‌برداری بومی نیز داشته باشد ارائه شود. یافته‌های پژوهش مشخص می‌سازد که برای طراحی یک نظام تنظیم‌گر تأمین مالی انتخاباتی باید به ترتیب به چهار مضمون فراگیر اهداف تنظیم‌گری تأمین مالی انتخابات، ابزارهای تنظیم‌گری تأمین مالی انتخابات، ملاحظات استفاده از ابزارهای تنظیم‌گری تأمین مالی انتخابات و شرایط زمینه‌ای مهم مربوط به تنظیم‌گری تأمین مالی انتخابات و مضامین سازمان‌دهنده و پایه ذیل آن‌ها توجه شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مراجع

  1. Abedi Jafari, H., Taslimi, M., Faghihi, A., & Sheikhzadeh, M. (2011). Thematic Analysis and Thematic Networks: A Simple and Efficient Method for Exploring Patterns Embedded in Qualitative Data Municipalities. Strategic Management Thought, 5(2), 151-198. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068804046910 {In Persian}
  2. Ahmadvand, S., & Saber Mahani, F. (2016). Comparative Approach of Monetary Resources and Financing of Elections (Study on Election System of Iran, France, Russia and USA). The Quarterly Journal of Public Law Research, 17(49), 9-35. https://doi.org/10.22054/qjpl.2016.2368 {In Persian}
  3. Alexander, H. E. (1970). Comparative political finance: The financing of party organizations and election campaigns. Lexington, MA: Heath.
  4. Alexander, H. E. (1989). Money and politics: Rethinking a conceptual framework. In H. E. Alexander & J. Federman, Comparative political finance in the 1980s (pp. 9–23). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  5. Alexander, H. E., & Shiratori, R. (1994). Comparative Political Finance among the Democracies (Boulder. New York: Routledge.
  6. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2012). Thematic analysis. In H. Cooper, P. M. Camic, D. L. Long, A. T. Panter, D. Rindskopf, & K. J. Sher (Eds.), APA handbook of research methods in psychology, Vol 2: Research designs: Quantitative, qualitative, neuropsychological, and biological. (pp. 57–71). Washington: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/13620-004
  7. Burnell, P. J., & Ware, A. (1998). Funding Democratization. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  8. Casas-Zamora, K. (2005). Paying for democracy: Political finance and state funding for parties. Essex: ECPR Press.
  9. Casas-Zamora, K., & Zovatto, D. (2015). The cost of democracy: Campaign finance regulation in Latin America. Latin American Initiative, Foreign Policy at Brookings.
  10. Commission on Election Finances. (1988). A Comparative Survey of Election Finance Legislation. Toronto: Commission on Election Finances.
  11. Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (Second Edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage publications.
  12. Danaei Fard, H., & Mozafari, Z. (2008). Improving Validity and Reliability in Qualitative Management Research. Public Management Reserches, 1(1), 131-162. {In Persian}
  13. Doublet, Y.-M. (2010). Fighting Corruption: Political Funding. Thematic review of GRECO’s Third Evaluation Round. GRECO (Group d’Etats contre la corruption).
  14. Doublet, Y.-M. (2016). France. In OECD, Financing democracy-funding of political parties and election campaigns and the risk of policy capture (pp. 148–154). Paris: OECD Publishing. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264249455-en
  15. Fisher, J., & Eisenstadt, T. A. (2004). Introduction: Comparative Party Finance: What is to be Done? Party Politics, 10(6), 619–626. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068804046910
  16. Global Integrity. (2015). The Money, Politics, and Transparency. Campaign Finance Indicators: Assessing Regulation and Practice in 54 Countries across the World in 2014. Washington, DC: Global Integrity.
  17. Golosov, G. V. (2016). Russia. In P. Norris & A. A. Van Es, Checkbook elections?: Political finance in comparative perspective (pp. 121–140). New York: Oxford University Press.
  18. Heidenheimer, A. J. (1957). German party finance: The CDU. American Political Science Review, 51(2), 369–385. https://doi.org/10.2307/1952197
  19. Heidenheimer, A. J. (1963). Comparative party finance: Notes on practices and toward a theory. The Journal of Politics, 25(4), 790–811. https://doi.org/10.2307/2127432
  20. (2022a). Are there limits on the amount a political party can spend? Retrieved April 6, 2022, from IDEA Political Finance Database website: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/question-view/560
  21. (2022b). Are there provisions for direct public funding to political parties? Retrieved April 6, 2022, from IDEA Political Finance Database website: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/question-view/548
  22. (2022c). Do candidates have to report on their election campaign finances? Retrieved April 6, 2022, from IDEA Political Finance Database website: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/question-view/566
  23. (2022d). Do political parties have to report regularly on their finances? Retrieved April 6, 2022, from IDEA Political Finance Database website: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/question-view/564
  24. (2022e). Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during a non-election specific period? Retrieved April 6, 2022, from IDEA Political Finance Database website: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/question-view/542
  25. Levush, R. (1991). Campaign Financing of National Elections in Foreign Countries. Washington, DC: Law Library of Congress.
  26. Malamud, C., & Carbó, E. P. (2005). The financing of politics: Latin American and European perspectives. Institute of Latin American Studies.
  27. McKenzie, R. T. (1955). British Political Parties. Melbourne: William Heinemann.
  28. Nejad Khalili, M. (2013). Examining Supervision of Electoral Campaign Spending in Islamic Republic of Iran and Proposing a Design. Islamic Parliament Research Center Reports, 37(21), 489-520. {In Persian}
  29. Norris, P., & Van Es, A. A. (2016). Checkbook elections?: Political finance in comparative perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.
  30. (2011). Guidelines on Political Party Regulation. Warsaw/Strasbourg: OSCE/ODIHR.
  31. (2016). Financing democracy-funding of political parties and election campaigns and the risk of policy capture. Paris: OECD Publishing. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264249455-en
  32. Ohman, M. (2013). Political Finance Oversight Handbook. Washington, DC: IFES.
  33. Ohman, M., Jones, S., & Falguera, E. (2015). Funding of political parties and election campaigns: A handbook on political finance. Strömsborg: IDEA.
  34. (2020). Did Money Win? Retrieved January 7, 2022, from OpenSecrets website: https://www.opensecrets.org/elections-overview/winning-vs-spending?cycle=2020
  35. Overacker, L. (1932). Money in Elections. New York: Macmillan.
  36. Paltiel, K. Z. (1981). Campaign finance: Contrasting practices and reforms. In D. Butler, H. Penniman, & A. Ranney, Democracy at the Polls (pp. 138–172). Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute.
  37. Pinto-Duschinsky, M. (2002). Financing politics: A global view. Journal of Democracy, 13(4), 69–86. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2002.0074
  38. Pinto-Duschinsky, M. (2008). Public policy and the study of political finance: A review of past developments, current problems and opportunities for the future. Presented at the IPSA Mid-term Conference, Montreal.
  39. Pollock, J. K. (1932). Money and politics abroad. New York: Alfred Knopf.
  40. Rahimi Moghaddam, A (2011). Requirements of Lawmaking for Funding of Political Parties. Islamic Parliament Research Center Reports, 19(19), 5995-6016. {In Persian}
  41. Scarrow, S. E. (2007). Political finance in comparative perspective. Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci., 10, 193–210. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.080505.100115
  42. Smilov, D. (2008). Dilemmas for a Democratic Society: Comparative Regulation of Money and Politics. DISC Working Paper 4/2008. Budapest: Central European University, Center for the Study of Imperfections in Democracy.
  43. Sridharan, E., & Vaishnav, M. (2016). India. In P. Norris & A. A. Van Es, Checkbook elections?: Political finance in comparative perspective (pp. 64–83). New York: Oxford University Press.
  44. Van Biezen, I. (2003). Financing political parties and election campaigns: Guidelines. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
  45. Van Biezen, I. (2004). Political parties as public utilities. Party Politics, 10(6), 701–722. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068804046914
  46. Yavari, A., & Zamanizadeh, M. (2019). Good Funding System for Election Campaign in Iran in Light of International Criteria. Comperative Law Review, 10(2), 467-483. https://doi.org/10.22059/jcl.2019.291080.633910 {In Persian}
سیاستگذاری عمومی
دوره 9، شماره 4
1402
صفحه 131-147

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار