راهبردهای رفع موانع فرزندآوری زنان عضو هیئت علمی در ایران: رویکردی آینده‌پژوهانه با کاربست روش تحلیل لایه‌ای علت‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری، پژوهشکده جامعه و اطلاعات، پژوهشگاه علوم و فناوری اطلاعات ایران (ایرانداک)، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

در حال حاضر ایران با کاهش فرزندآوری در میان خانواده‌ها مواجه است. این پژوهش به دنبال پیشنهاد راهبردهایی برای رفع موانع فرزندآوری زنان عضو هیئت علمی وزارت عتف با روش آینده‌محور تحلیل لایه‌ای علت‌ها است. با استفاده از این روش، موانع ریشه‌ای فرزندآوری زنان عضو هیئت علمی که با مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و نظرسنجی شناسایی می‌شوند. موانع در چهار لایه لیتانی، علل سیستمیک، جهان‌بینی/گفتمان و اسطوره/استعاره معرفی و بر پایه آن‌ها، راهبردهای برای اقدام در زمان حال و رفع موانع در آینده ارائه می‌شود. یافته‌های این پژوهش، 13 مانع در لایه لیتانی، 21 مانع در لایه علل سیستمیک، 14 مانع در لایه جهان‌بینی/ گفتمان و 15 مانع در لایه استعاره/اسطوه را نشان می‌دهد. پس از شناسایی موانع، راهبردهایی برای حل موانع در ریشه‌ای‌ترین لایه یعنی اسطوره/استعاره تا سطحی‌ترین لایه یعنی لیتانی، ارائه می‌شود. راهبردها در لایه اسطوره/استعاره به دنبال به چالش کشیدن و تغییر اسطوره‌ها و استعاره‌هایی است که باورهای زنان عضو هیئت علمی را در جهت کاهش فرزندآوری تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. راهبردها در لایه جهان‌بینی/گفتمان شامل مداخلات در روایت‌های اجتماعی، هنجارهای فرهنگی و نگرش‌ها در جهت فرزندآوری است. راهبردهای لایه علل سیستمیک بر تغییرات ساختاری و سازمانی و همچنین تعدیل قوانین و مقررات اقتصادی و اجتماعی به نفع فرزندآوری زنان تمرکز دارند. راهبردهای لایه لیتانی شامل اقدامات عملی و فوری برای رسیدگی به مشکلات این لایه و تهیه امکانات رفاهی و بهداشتی برای فرزندآوری زنان عضو هیئت علمی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مراجع

  1. Arpino, B., & Bellani, D. (2018, April). Better an egg today than a stork tomorrow? risk aversion and fertility decisions in italy‚ In European Population Conference, June (pp. 6-9).
  2. Afshari, Z. (2016). The impact macroeconomic instability on the fertility rate in Iranian provinces. Journal of economics and regional development, 22 (10), 1-15. [In Persian]
  3. Aghayari-Hir, T., Farokhi Nekarestan, M., Latifi Mojreh, S.S. (2016). Childbearing as Risk: (Qualitative Study of Milieu for Bearing Few Children in Tabriz City). Journal of Women's Strategic Studies, 19 (73), 7-33. [In Persian]
  4. Abbasi-Shavazi, M.J., Khani, S. (2014). Economic Insecurity and Fertility: Case Study of Married Women in Sanandaj District. Journal of population association of Iran, 9 (17), 37-76. [In Persian]
  5. Abbasi-Shavazi, M.J., Khajeh Salehi, Z. (2013). Measuring the effect of independence, social participation, and women's education on the desire to have children (Sirjan city case study). Woman in development &politics, 11 (1), 45-65. [In Persian]
  6. Bagheri, S., Hoseini, S.S. (2016). The experience of female faculty members about work and family responsibility. Journal of woman in culture and arts, 8 (1), 117-134. [In Persian]
  7. Bagi, M., Sadegh, R., Hatami, A. (2022). Fertility intentions in Iran: Determinants and limitations. Quarterly of-strategic studies of culture, 1 (4), 59-80. [In Persian]
  8. Bar, M., Hazan, M., Leukhina, O., Weiss, D., & Zoabi, H. (2018). Why did rich families increase their fertility? Inequality and marketization of child care. Journal of Economic Growth, 23, 427-463
  9. Becker, G. S. (1960). An economic analysis of fertility. In Demographic and economic change in developed countries (pp. 209-240). Columbia University Press.
  10. Brinton, M. C., & Oh, E. (2019). Babies, work, or both? Highly educated women’s employment and fertility in East Asia. American Journal of Sociology, 125(1), 105-140.
  11. Brown, R. L. & Claire, N. (2017). Theories of Fertility. https://dokumen.tips/documents/theories-of-fertility-university-of-waterloo-theories-of-fertility-robert-l-brown.html?page=2
  12. Chafetz, J. S. (1988). The gender division of labor and the reproduction of female disadvantage: Toward an integrated theory. Journal of family issues, 9(1), 108-131.
  13. Cheng, Y. H. A., & Yang, C. L. W. (2021). Continuity and changes in attitudes toward marriage in contemporary Taiwan. Journal of Population Research, 38(2), 139-167.
  14. Dabbaghi, H. (2021). A Multiple Narrative of the Work-Life Relationships of Academic Women. Iranian journal of anthropology, 17 (31), 133-161. [In Persian]
  15. Dabbaghi, H.(2022). Academic Women and Conflict of Work and Family. Woman in development&politics, 19 (2), 243-267. [In Persian]
  16. Erhami, A. (2022). Scanning the behaviors and attitudes of Iranians on the subject of childbearing. Tehran: Islamic Council Research Center. [In Persian]
  17. Fahlén, S., & Oláh, L. S. (2018). Economic uncertainty and first-birth intentions in Europe. Demographic Research, 39, 795-834.
  18. Farrokh Eslamlou, H., Vahabzadeh, Z., Moini, S., Moghadam Tabrizi, F. (2012). The attitude of couples about to get married to fertility following the policies to encourage childbearing in the country. Urmia Journal of Nursing and Midwifery 11(10): 846-836. [In Persian]
  19. Ghaffari, F., Motaghi, Z. (2021). Factors Affecting Childbearing Based on Women's Perspectives: A Qualitative Study. NAVIDNO, 23 (76), 33-43. [In Persian]
  20. Hughes, R., Kinder, A., Cooper, C. L., Hughes, R., Kinder, A., & Cooper, C. L. (2019). Work-life balance. The Wellbeing Workout: How to manage stress and develop resilience, 249-253.
  21. Hosseini, M., Khosh Kalam, N., (2019). Data analysis of Apartment dwelling from women's view (Study of apartment housewives in Boroujerd, 15-50 years old). Journal of Strategic studies of women, 22 (85), 29-49. [In Persian]
  22. Inayatullah, S. (2004). The causal layered analysis (CLA) reader. Theory and case studies of an integrative and transformative methodology, 1-52.
  23. Jiang, M., Wu, Z., He, B., Tu, A., & Wu, Y. (2022). Effect of Work–Family Conflict on Three-Child Fertility Intention of Working Women of Reproductive Age under the Background of Active Reproductive Support: The Moderating and Mediating Effects of Anxiety Disorders and Life Stress. Sustainability, 14(21), 14615.
  24. Javaheri, F., Dariyapour, Z. (2008). Occupational Problems Facing Female University Faculty Members. Journal of woman in development&politics, 6 (2), 79-106. [In Persian]
  25. Kohara, M., & Maity, B. (2021). The impact of work-life balance policies on the time allocation and fertility preference of Japanese women. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 60, 101134.
  26. Kanani, M.A., Bakhshi, S. (2015). Spread of individualization and the problem of childbearing reduction: a study in the city of Rasht. Journal of population associaltion of Iran, 9 (18), 1-25. [In Persian]
  27. Lesthaeghe, R. (2020). The second demographic transition, 1986–2020: sub-replacement fertility and rising cohabitation—a global update. Genus, 76(1), 1-38.
  28. Lesthaeghe, R., & Surkyn, J. (2012). When History moves on: Foundations and Diffusion of a Second Demographic Transition In: JAYAKODY, R.–THORTON, A.–AXINN, W.(szerk.): International Family Change: Ideational Perspectives pp. 81–118.
  29. Liu, H., Gao, Y., Tisdell, C. A., & Wang, F. (2020). Are housing property rights important for fertility outcomes in China? Empirical evidence and policy issues. Economic Analysis and Policy, 65, 211-223.
  30. Melegh, A. (2023). The Migration Turn and Demographic Discourses in the 1980s. In The Migration Turn and Eastern Europe: A Global Historical Sociological Analysis (pp. 27-105). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  31. Mishtal, J. Z. (2009). Understanding low fertility in Poland: Demographic consequences of gendered discrimination in employment and postsocialist neoliberal restructuring. Demographic Research, 21, 599-626.
  32. Nasrabad, H. B. R., & Abbasi-Shavazi, M. J. (2020). Ideal fertility in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Women’s Health and Reproduction Sciences, 8(1), 10-18.
  33. Mohamadi, N., Seifouri, B. (2016). Sociological investigation of factors affecting women's fertility preference. The Women and Families Cultural-Educational Journal, 11 (36), 7-49. [In Persian]
  34. Mutlaq, M. E, Taheri, M., Islami, M., Pourshirwani, S. D. N. (2015). Factors affecting fertility preferences in Iranian ethnic women. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery. 14(6), 495-485. [In Persian]
  35. Mahdavi, M. S., Ghanimati, H. (2011). Filial piety. Journal of Human Sciences. 35 (3), 85-115. [In Persian]
  36. Namdarian, L. (2012). Providing a model for identifying obstacles facing women in science production. Rahyaft Journal, 22 (53), 17-32. [In Persian]
  37. Ojaghlo, S., Moradi, A., Qasemi, E., Arshadi, J. (2014). Generational changes of child value and childbearing behavior of women before and after Islamic Revolution (Case study: Zanjan City). Journal of woman in culture and arts, 6 (3), 409-425. [In Persian]
  38. Piltan, F.S., Rahmanian, M. (2015). Sociological investigation of factors affecting the desire to have children of married women and men (case study: women and men aged 25 to 45 in Jahrom city). Scientific&Research Jpurnals Management System, 7 (2), 121-134. [In Persian]
  39. Rahnama, A., Roozbeh, N., Salimi Asl, A., Kazemi Gerashi, Z., Abbaszadeh, M., Dabiri, F. (2022). Factors related to childbearing in Iran: A systematic review. Journal preventive medical, 9 (1), 6-17. [In Persian]
  40. Rowshani, S. (2023). Narratives of women faculty members of the university about the conditions that affect the balance between career and maternal roles. Woman in development and politics, 21 (1), 191-225. [In Persian]
  41. Rowshani, S. (2022). Women's lived experience of balancing strategies between career and motherhood. A bi-quarterly journal research on the lifestyle, 8 (14), 9-18. [In Persian]
  42. Supreme Leader. (2013). Statements in the meeting of the officials of the system about population increase. https://farsi.khamenei.ir/newspart-index?id=20534&nt=2&year=1391&tid=2630 [In Persian]
  43. Supreme Leader. (2018). Statements in a group meeting of producers, entrepreneurs and economic activists https://farsi.khamenei.ir/speech-content?id=44105 [In Persian]
  44. Shams Gahfarokhi, F., Askari-Nodoshan, A., Eini-Zeinab, H., Ruhani, A., Abbasi-Shavazi, M.J. (2023). At the Crossroad of Decision to Have Children: An Analysis of Individual and Social Childbearing Challenges in the Context of Low Fertility in Isfahan. Journal of applied sociology, 33 (4), 1-28. [In Persian]
  45. Sadeghi, H., Saraie, H. (2015). Effective Factors on Mothers’ Inclination to Have Children in Tehran. Welfare planning and social development, 7 (27), 1-32. [In Persian]
  46. Torkian Valashani, S., Zamani Alvijeh, F., Heidari, Z., Shoshtari Moghadam, E. (2019). Fertility desire: Facilitators and inhibitors. PAYESH Journal, 18 (3), 241-249. [In Persian]
  47. Vahidnia, F. (2007). Case study: fertility decline in Iran. Population and environment, 28, 259-266.
  48. Van de Kaa, D. J. (2001). Postmodern fertility preferences: From changing value orientation to new behavior. Population and Development Review, 27, 290-331.
  49. Willis, R. (1974). A New Approach to the Economic Theory of Fertility Behavior." In Economics of the Family, edited by T. W. Schultz. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  50. Yuhao, G., & Xuemei, Z. (2019). The effect of housing price on family fertility decision in China. Population Research, 43(1), 52.
سیاستگذاری عمومی
دوره 9، شماره 4
1402
صفحه 24-46

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار