زندان‌زدایی در ایران به مثابه یک سیاست: تحولات و چارچوب نظری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

2 دانشیار حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

غالب حقوقدانان تا قرن 19 میلادی، حبس را بهترین شیوه مجازات مجرمان می دانستند اما این رویکرد که مبتنی بر اصلاح و بازپروری بود، به تدریج موجب توسعه نهادهای حبس‌گرا در قالب مجازات و اقدامات تأمینی و تربیتی شد؛ لذا تأکید بر مجازات زندان، کم رنگ شد و مفهوم ضمانت اجراهای اجتماعی (جامعه محور) و جایگزین های حبس شتاب فزاینده ای گرفت. نظام کیفری ایران نیز متأثر از این تحولات، به سمت حبس زدایی حرکت نمود و سیاست حبس زدایی را به عنوان یک سیاست کلی پذیرفت. بنابراین شایسته است تحولات و چارچوب نظری این سیاست بررسی گردد و سیاست جنایی کشورمان در راستای حبس زدایی، منطبق با چارچوب نظری مشخصی باشد. الگوهای رفاه، کیفی بودن مقررات، مشارکتی و عدالت ترمیمی را می توان در این راستا معرفی نمود. این پژوهش از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از لحاظ روش، توصیفی - تحلیلی است که داده‌های آن به‌ صورت مطالعات اسنادی و کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی ( آراء) یادداشت و تحلیل شده است.

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