با توجه به وضعیت فوق‌بحرانی منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت رفسنجان، یک پرسش کلان این است که چرا تاکنون هیچ یک از سیاست‌های آبی اتخاذ شده بر کنترل افت سطح آب زیرزمینی دشت رفسنجان اثر مثبتی نداشته است؟ در این مقاله با در نظر گرفتن این فرضیه که در مورد دشت رفسنجان مسأله‌شناسی به خوبی صورت نگرفته است، در پاسخ به چگونگی شکل‌گیری این مسأله با هدف تبیین روشن از آن، بررسی تاریخی مسأله آب مدنظر قرار گرفت تا مقدمه‌ای برای سیاستگذاری آب در این محدوده فراهم شود. نتایج بررسی مدل مفهومی نظریه زمینه‌ای حاکی از این است که در طول تاریخ عوامل مختلف منجر به توسعه پسته به عنوان یک محرک قوی اقتصادی و در نتیجه افزایش روزافزون مصرف آب شدهاند. همچنین در برخورد با کمبود آب، این مسأله صرفاً به عنوان یک محدودیت فیزیکی دیده شده و اقدامات صورت گرفته تنها تلاشی در جهت رفع این محدودیت بوده است. بنابراین نیرویی که تا کنون مانع تأثیرگذاری سیاست‌های حفاظت از آب شده- مشکل مشکل‌ها- مسأله اقتصادی است. بنابرایناصلاحات نهادهای آب در ادامه مسیر مقرون به صرفه‌تر خواهد بود.
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