شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی حوزه‌های موضوعی اثرگذار در تدوین سیاست ملی شهری ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار هنر و معماری دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 دکتری شهرسازی پردیس هنرهای زیبا دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار شهرسازی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار مدیریت و حسابداری دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

با گذشت بیش از چند دهه از تهیه طرح‌های شهری، سیاستگذاری در هر دو بُعد عملی و نظری لایه‌ای مغفول در نظام توسعه شهری ایران بوده است. در غیاب سیاست‌های شهری  مدون و مکتوب، برنامه­های شهری فاقد انسجام بوده و کنشگران مختلف مطابق با سیاست‌های ذهنی پیش فرض اقدام به برنامه‌ریزی و طراحی شهری می‌نمایند. در چنین شرایطی سیاست ملی شهری (NUP) به عنوان چارچوبی که از سوی برنامه اسکان بشر ملل متحد (هبیتات) معرفی شده می­تواند در هدایت فرایند توسعه شهری کشور به سوی پایداری موثر واقع شود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی و اولویت بندی موضوعات اثرگذار در تدوین سیاست ملی شهری با توجه به  نیازها و شرایط خاص ایران و با استفاده از روش ترکیبی انجام شده است.  شناسایی اولویت های موضوعی  به کمک روش کیفی با رویکردی اکتشافی و اولویت بندی موضوعات به روش کمّی و تکنیک‌ AHP انجام شده است. نتایج پژوهش، سیزده اولویت موضوعی تدوین سیاست ملی شهری را در سه دسته مسائل مرتبط با عدم چابکی نظام برنامه ریزی شهری در همگام شدن با سرعت شهرنشینی، خلأهای نهادی و قانونی در نظام برنامه ریزی شهری  و  تغییرات و چالش های نوین جهانی معرفی می کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


  • Abedi Jafari, Hasan; Taslimi, MohamadSaeed; Faghihi, Abolhasan; Sheikhzadeh, Mohammad. (2011). Thematic analysis and thematic networks: a simple and efficient method for exploring patterns embedded in qualitative data municipalities). Strategic Management Thought, 5(2) , 151-198. [in Persian].
  • Alaedini, Pooya. (2015). Cities vi. Urban informal settlements in modern Iran. Encyclopedia Iranica (online edition). Accessed September 11, 2015 from http://www.iranicaonline. org/articles/cities- 06- settlements.
  • Alaedini, Pooya; Farzizadeh, Zahra; Azizimehr, Khayam; Yeganeh, Nasim. (2021). Post-disaster Reconstruction and Local Development: Some Challenges in Earthquake-Stricken Areas of Iran’s Kermanshah Province. Community Development (Rural and Urban Communities), 12(2), 619-642. doi: 10.22059/jrd.2021.320564.668639 [in Persian].
  • Amiri, Pooya; Mirzapour, Mehdi. (2018). Analysis of Integrated Urban Management Criteria, Case study: Tehran. Territory, 15(58), 17-30. [in Persian].
  • Andalib, Alireza. (2017). Explaining Principles of Symmetric Renovation in Deteriorated Urban Fabrics. The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar, 14(48), 5-16.
  • Asadie, Iradj; BarakPour, Naser. (2021). Lead Organization: An Appropriate Model of Integrated Urban Management in Iran. Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba: Memary Va Shahrsazi, 25(4), 17-30. doi: 10.22059/jfaup.2021.326244.672648 [in Persian].
  • Athari, Kamal. (2005). Housing Poverty in Iran: Poor Social Policy. Social Welfare Quarterly (Refah-i Ejtemai), 5 (18), 113-128. [in Persian].
  • Azizi, Mohammad Mehdi. (1998). Evaluation of Urban Land Supply Policy in Iran, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol. 22(1), pp. 94-105.
  • Bandauko, Elmond, Annan-Aggrey, Eunice; Arku, Godwin. (2020). ‘Planning and managing urbanization in the twenty-first century: content analysis of selected African countries’ national urban policies. Urban Research & Practice, 1–11, DOI: 10.1080/17535069.2020.1803641.
  • Barakpour, Naser; Ramin M-Keivani. (2019). The Typology of Urban Management System in Iran, Trend of Changes and Prospect of Reforms. Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba: Memary Va Shahrsazi, 24(4), 21-33. https://doi.org/10.22059/jfaup.2019.292694.672370 [in Persian].
  • Baseri, Bijan; Kiani, Ghaffar; Malekipour, Mahmood. (2021). An Analysis of Household Demand Absorption as a financial asset against Inflation volatility in Iran. Financial Economics, 15(55), 79-106. [in Persian].
  • Basirat, Maysam. (2019). The first generation of Iranian new towns, Road, Housing & Urban Development Research Center.Tehran. [in Persian].
  • Basirat, Maysam; Arbab, Parsa. (2022). Analyzing New Towns Development in Iran: Toward a New Agenda, International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 10(3), Pages 84-107: https://doi.org/10.14246/irspsd.10.3_84.
  • Cohen, Nevin; Reynolds, Kristin. (2014). Urban Agriculture Policy Making in New York’s “New Political Spaces”: Strategizing for a Participatory and Representative System, Journal of Planning Education and Research, 1-14.
  • Creswell, John. W. (2003). Research design :design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd Edition ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Friendly, Abigail. (2016). National Urban Policy: A Roadmap for Canadian CitiesIMFG Perspectives, 14, University of Toronto, Institute on Municipal Finance and Governance.
  • Geyer, Hermanus. (2007). International Handbook of Urban Policy, Volume 2. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
  • Ghasemzadeh Oghyani, omid; Soltani, Alireza; Jalaei, Abdolmajid. (2021). The Impact of Mehr Housing and Housing Policies on Iran s Economic Growth (1977:2017). Public Policy In Administration, 12(3), 147-160. [in Persian].
  • Habibi, Sara; Basirat, Maysam; Razavi, (2020) Toward National Urban Policy in Iran, Developing National Urban Policies. In Kundu D., Sietchiping R., Kinyanjui M. (eds) Kunda et al., Springer, Singapore.
  • Javedani, Ali; Imani, Nadieh. (2021). Tehran’s Housing and the Gaze of State: Definition of Tehran’s Housing in Tarh-e Samandehi-ye Tehran. The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar, 18(100), 79-90. doi: 10.22034/bagh.2021.243989.4632 [in Persian].
  • Kazemian, Gholamreza; Mirabedini, Zohreh. (2011). Pathology of Integrated Urban Management for Tehran in view of Policy and Decision Making. Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba: Memary Va Shahrsazi, 3(46), 27-38. [in Persian].
  • Keivani, Ramin; Mattingly, Micheal; Majedi, Hamid. (2008). Public Management of Urban Land, Enabling Markets and Low-income Housing Provision: The Overlooked Experience of Iran. Urban Studies, 45(9), 1825–1853. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43198444
  • Meshkini, Abolfazl; Nourmohamadi, Mehdi; Eftekhari, Rokn al-din; Sarrafi, Mozaffar. (2015). The model for policy making regarding government intervention in urban land management of iran (case study: tehran), Spatial Planning (Modares Human Sciences), 19 (1), 181-210. [in Persian].
  • Meshkini, Abolfazl, pazira, Sepide; Ghaedrahmati, Safar. (2021). Analyzing of the Institutional Capacity of Local Management for Good Governance in Urban Land of Iran. Sustainable city, 4(1), 15-31. doi: 10.22034/jsc.2021.270240.1403
  • Mirsafa, Masoumeh. (2017). The Water Sensitive Future of Lahijan. TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 10(1), 25-40. https://doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/4994
  • Nastaran, Mahin; Abolhassani, Farahnaz; Izadi, Maliheh. (2010). The analysis of city hierarchies in the cities with more than hundred thousand people, Environmental Based Territorial Planning (Amayesh), 3(11), 157-174. [in Persian].
  • OECD/UN-HABITAT/UNOPS (2021), Global State of National Urban Policy 2021: Achieving Sustainable Development Goals and Delivering Climate Action, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/96eee083-en.
  • Raees Dana, Fariborz. (2009). -. MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape, 1(2), 45-45.
  • Richardson, Harry W. (1987) Whither National Urban Policy in Developing Countries? Urban Studies, 24(3), 227-244
  • Saaty, Thomas. L. (2008). Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Services Sciences, 1(1), 83-98.
  • Sartipipour, Mohsen. (2004). Housing problems in Iran. . Soffeh, 14(39), 23-44. [in Persian].
  • Stirling, Jennifer A. (2001). Thematic networks: an analytic tool for qualitative research. Journal of Qualitative research, Sage, 1(3), 385-405.‏
  • Taghvaie, Masoud; Saberi, Hamid (2010). An analysis of Iran urban systems during the period of 1335 (1956) to 1385 (2006). Journal of Urban - Regional Studies and Research, 2(5), 55-76. [in Persian].
  • United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) (2022) National Urban Policy Programme: Developing the National Urban Policy and Smart City Strategy in I.R. Iran, UN-Habitat, Nairobi.
  • UN-Habitat/OECD (2018), Global State of National Urban Policy, https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264290747-en
  • United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) (2019). How to Formulate a National Urban Policy: A practical guide. United Nations Human Settlements Programme: Nairobi.
  • United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) (2016). The New Urban agenda, available at: https://habitat3.org/wp-content/uploads/NUA-English.pdf
  • United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) (2015). National Urban Policy: A Guiding Framework. United Nations Human Settlements Programme: Nairobi.
  • Van Den Berg, Leo.; Braun, Erik; & Van Der Meer, Jan. (Eds.). (1998). National Urban Policies in the European Union: Responses to urban issues in the fifteen member states (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429445965
  • von Einem, Eberhard. (1982). National Urban Policy—The Case of West Germany. Journal of the American Planning Association, 48(1), 9-23, DOI: 10.1080/01944368208976163.
  • Zebardast, Esfandiar (2007). Examination of changes in urban primacy in Iran. Honar-ha-ye Ziba, 29(29), 29-38. [in Persian].