شرحی از نظریة تراژدی منابع مشاع در اندیشة گَرِت هاردین و درس‌های آن برای ما

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسنده

دکتری علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

نظریة «تراژدی منابع مشاع» که در مقاله‌ای به همین نام در سال ۱۹۶۸ به قلم گَرِت هاردین نگارش یافت، تاکنون بیش از ۳۸ هزار بار مورد استناد منابع علمی قرار گرفته و تأثیر قابل توجهی در سیاست عمومی برجای گذاشته است. این نظریه با توضیح منطق رفتار فردی و کنش جمعی در بهره‌برداری از منابع مشاع (مشترک) و چرایی پایان تراژیک ذاتی آن منطق، امکان نظری نیرومندی برای ما ایرانیان، در شناخت پاره‌ای از بنیادی‌ترین مسائل کنونی خود، مانند بحران کم‌آبی، فراهم می‌آورد.  با این حال، ما، تاکنون، از بینش و امکانات نظری این نظریه آنچنان‌که شایسته و سودمند است، در تبیین مسائل عمومی خود استفاده نکرده‌ایم. کوشش مقالة حاضر این بوده است که شرحی از نظریة «تراژدی منابع مشترک» هاردین با توضیحی از زمانه و زمینة نظری و عملی طرح آن و اهمیت و قدرت تبیینی آن ارائه دهد. در پایان نیز نمونه‌هایی از کاربرد تبیینی این نظریه در مورد برخی مسائل عمومی در ایران مورد بحث قرار گرفته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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