وضعیّت ویژه اطفال و نوجوانان، مستلزم اتّخاذ سیاستگذاری جنایی افتراقی، متمایز از بزهکاری بزرگسالان است. واکنش‌های تنبیهی و نظام‌های دادرسی ویژه بزرگسالان، برای اطفال و نوجوانان نامناسب می‌باشد و احتمال بازپذیری در اطفال و نوجوانان را کاهش داده و عامل انحراف ثانویه و تکرار جرم در آن‌ها می‌شود. بدین جهت، سیاستگذاری جنایی افتراقی درمورد اطفال و نوجوانان ضرورت می‌یابد و مستلزم ویژگی‌های خاص از جمله حمایتی و ارفاقی بودن می‌باشد و بر روش‌های غیر رسمی تمرکز دارد. به همین جهت، کیفرزدایی، قضایی‌زدایی و جرم‌‌زدایی اولویت‌های سیاستگذاری جنایی افتراقی دربارة آن‌هاست. هم‌چنین، لازم است، با توجّه به دوره‌های سنی آنان، مسئولیّت کیفری، درجه‌بندی شده و متناسب با آن واکنش غیرتنبیهی در نظر گرفته شود و از اعمال مجازات‌های سالب آزادی و بدنی در بارة آنان تا حدّ امکان خودداری شود.
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