تحلیل تغییرخط‌مشی ایران در خصوص پیام‌رسان تلگرام بر اساس چارچوب جریان‌های چندگانه کینگدان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد مدیریت دولتی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار مدیریت دولتی دانشگاه امام صادق(ع)، تهران، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت دولتی دانشگاه امام صادق(ع)، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سؤال اصلی پژوهش حاضر عبارت است از اینکه دلایل شکست پیام‌رسان‌های داخلی علی‌رغم سیاستگذاری حاکمیت در «حمایت» از آن‌ها چیست؟ بر این اساس، چارچوب جریانات چندگانه کینگدان به عنوان چارچوب تحلیلی و مجموع اسناد سیاستی، اخبار تخصصی و احتجاجات مربوط به مورد فیلترینگ تلگرام در بازه خرداد 1396 الی مرداد 1397 به عنوان منابع تحلیلی انتخاب شد. همچنین روش تحلیل مضمون قیاسی انتخاب و با گردآوری 113 مضمون اصلی در قالب 19 مضمون سازمان دهنده و 5 مضمون فراگیر، فیلترینگ تلگرام مورد کاوی شد. در بخش نتایج پژوهش، ابتدا چگونگی بروز کارآفرین خط‌مشی و همگرا ساختن جریانات چندگانه تحلیل می‌شود؛ در بخش دوم، ناهماهنگی و نامتوازن بودن حمایت‌ها از تک‌تک اجزاء زنجیره صنعت، رشد کاریکاتوری یک حلقه و شکل نگرفتن زنجیره ارزش در بستری طبیعی‌ به عنوان علل شکست پیام‌رسان‌های داخلی ارائه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


  1. Abbasi, Tayyebeh; Danaeifard, Hassan; Azar, Adel & Mehdi Alwani (2010). Explaining policy change using John Kingdon's Multiple Streams Framework; A case study of changing the law on objectives, tasks & organizations of the Ministry of Science, Research & Technology. Science & Technology Policy, 9(3): 81-98 [in Persian].
  2. Abedi Jafari, Hassan; Taslimi, Mohammad Saeed; Faqihi, Abolhasan & Mohammad Sheikhzadeh (2011). Thematic analysis & the network of themes: a simple & efficient way to explain existent patterns in qualitative data. Strategic Management Thought, 10: 151-198 [in Persian].
  3. Basirian Jahormi, Hossein; Hadi Khaniki (2014). Iranian policymakers & social media policymaking: "Challenges, patterns & presentation of a proposed model". Welfare & Development Planning, 21: 25-70 [in Persian].
  4. Basirian Jahormi, Hossein; Khaniki, Hadi & Mohammad Saeed Zakai (2013). Social media & media organizations: An examination of policymaking & consumption of Facebook in the confrontation with national media. Communication Research, 3(75): 59-80 [in Persian].
  5. Beckmann, Christoph; Gross,Tom (2006). Failures in a Hybrid Content Blocking System. Springer: Berlin.
  6. Boyatzis, Richard (1998). Transforming qualitative information: thematic analysis & code development. Sage: California.
  7. Braman, S&ra (2004). The emergent global information policy regime. palgrave macmillan:New York.
  8. Castells, Manuel (2009). Communication power, [New] edition. Oxford Univ Press: United Kingdom.
  9. Chadwick, &rew (2010). Routledge h&book of internet politics. Routledge: London.
  10. Danaeifard, Hassan (2012). Separation, integration & design of new ministries in Iran: a theoretical analysis. Human Resource Management Research, 8 (2): 84-108 [in Persian].
  11. Danaeifard, Hassan; Kheirgo, Mansour; Azar, Adel & Ali Asghar Fani (2012). Underst&ing the evolution of the policy of administrative reforms in Iran; A research based on the grounded theory strategy. Organizational Culture Management, 10 (2): 28-5 [in Persian].
  12. Danaeifared, Hassan (2016). New discourses in public policy. Publications of Imam Sadiq University: Tehran [in Persian].
  13. Deibert, Ronald (2008). Access denied: The practice & policy of global Internet filtering. MIT Press: Cambridge.
  14. Goldsmith, Jack;Wu, Tim (2006). Who controls the Internet? Illusions of a borderless world. Oxford Univ. Press: New York.
  15. Hosseinnejad, Seyed Mojatba; Moniri Hamze Kalaei, Hamidreza (2017). Jurisprudential analysis & review of the implementation of filtering in cyberspace. Islamic Government, 84: 27-56 [in Persian].
  16. Hosseinpour, Davood; Sharifzadeh, Fattah; Nouri, Ruhollah & Omid Karimian (2018). Developing a model for monitoring public policies enacted by the Islamic Council with an emphasis on the field of economic affairs. Majlis & Strategy, 25: 392-369 [in Persian].
  17. Islamkhah, Ammar; Hamed Babazadeh Moghadam (2016). Internet filtering in Europe. News Science, 17(4): 137-156 [in Persian].
  18. Ismaili, Mohsen; Mohammad Sadeq Nasrallahi (2015). Filtering of virtual space; Judgments & its issues from a jurisprudential point of view. Religion & Communication, No. 49, pp. 53-80 [in Persian].
  19. Javednia, Javad; Abedi Sarasia, Alireza & Abbasali Soltani (2015). Analyzing criminal content filtering policies from a jurisprudential point of view. Religion & Communication, 48: 35-62 [in Persian].
  20. Karen, Stephenson (2016). Heterarchy in: H&book on theories of governance, Edward Elgar Publishing: Mussachusetts: 139–148.
  21. Khonifar, Hossein; Moslemi, Nahid (2017). Principles & basics of qualitative research methods. Nagahe Danesh: Tehran [in Persian].
  22. Klang, Mathias; &rew, Murray (2005). Human rights in the digital age, GlassHouse: London.
  23. Kurbalija, Jovan (2010). An introduction to internet governance. Diplo Foundation: Msida, Genève.
  24. Mohebb al- Rahman, Mohammad Mehdi; Sarami, Seyfullah & Mohammad Ali Mohebb al- Rahman (2015). A research on the jurisprudential rule of filtering (television networks, web pages & virtual social networks), New Research in Jurisprudence, 22 (4): 33-63 [in Persian].
  25. Nunziato, Dawn (2009). Virtual freedom: Net neutrality & free speech in the Internet age. Stanford Law Books: California.
  26. Rahmati, Hossein Ali; Shahriari, Hamid (2017a). Ethical requirements of content filtering & refining of cyber space. Revelation Ethics, 12 (7): 145-168 [in Persian].
  27. Rahmati, Hossein Ali; Shahriari, Hamid (2017b). Filtering & the difficulty of moral conflict. Research Journal of Ethics, 37: 7-22 [in Persian].
  28. Sabatier, Paul E. (2012). Theories of policy process. Translated by Hasan Danaeifard. Saffar: Tehran [in Persian].
  29. Shahaie, Behnam; Danaeifared, Hassan (2016). An analysis on the scholarship of the public policy process in Iran. Human resource management research, 6 (1): 161-133 [in Persian].
  30. Subramanian, Ramesh (2011). The Growth of Global Internet Censorship & Circumvention: A Survey. Communications of the International Information Management Association (CIIMA). 2 (2): 1-27.
  31. Young Journalists Club (2017). Rouhani's clear reaction to the filtering Telegram issue. Available online at: https://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/6366408 [in Persian].
  32. News website of Network (2018). I am not responsible for Golden Telegram & Hotgram filtering. Available online at: https://www.shabakeh-mag.com/news/iran/13938 [in Persian].
  33. Smart Technology News website (2017). Examining the digital divide in Iran. Available online at: http://fanahoosh.ir/1396/11/25 [in Persian].
  34. Tabnak (2017). Instagram challenged smart filtering. Available online at: http://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/714196/ [in Persian].
  35. ISNA news agency (2018 a). More than 30 million people challenge the Telegram filtering. Available online at: https://www.isna.ir/news/97042312137. [in Persian].
  36. ISNA news agency (2018 b). A judicial order was issued to block Telegram. Available online at: https://www.isna.ir/news/97021006264 [in Persian].
  37. Young Journalists Club website(2018a). Terrorists’ Safe communication on Telegram platform. Available online at: https://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/6494026 [in Persian].
  38. Young Journalists Club website(2018a). Statement of 4 internal messengers about Hotgram & Telegram. Available online at: https://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/6603675 [in Persian].
  39. Journalists' Club News Agency (2018 c). Hotgram & Talagram servers are located on the 9th floor of the building of the Imam Center (RA) of the Ministry of Communications. Available online at: https://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/6598382 [in Persian].
  40. Fars News Agency (2018). Azari Jahormi denied the news of Mutalfa party about his agreement on Telegram filtering. Available online at: https://www.farsnews.com/news/13970211000873 [in Persian].
  41. Fars news agency (2015). Instagram's smart filtering failed: easy access to unethical content. Available online at: https://www.farsnews.com/news/13940616000464 [in Persian].
  42. Secretariat of Official website of the President of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2018). Any policy in the field of cyber space should be smart. Available online at:https://www.farsnews.com/news/13970211001085 [in Persian].
  43. Ayatollah Khamenei Office for Preservation & Publication (2018). A meeting of officials & authorities of the state with the leader of the revolution. Available online at: http://farsi.khamenei.ir/news-content?id=39362 [in Persian].
  44. The world of economics (2017). The result of the 2017 election is the result of virtual space. Available online at: https://donya-e-eqtesad.com/3284523 [in Persian].
  45. Zomit (2017). Hotgram & Golden Telegram should be localized by September 6. Available online at: https://www.zoomit.ir/2018/7/29/284871/telegram-iranian-clients-will-be-blocked. [in Persian].
  46. Khabar network (2017). Telegram is a b&it. Available online at: http://www.irinn.ir/fa/news/579964/ [in Persian].
  47. Smart technology (2017). Examining the digital gap in Iran. Available online at: http://fanahoosh.ir/1396/11/25 [in Persian].
  48. Quds online (2015). The telegram is the real winner of the Tehran election. Available online at: http://www.qudsonline.ir/news/357473 [in Persian].
  49. Public Relations & Information Center of the Ministry of Communication & Information Technology (2017). Statement. Available online at: https://www.ict.gov.ir/ir/newsagency/21341/ [in Persian].
  50. National Center for Virtual Space (2017). Policies & measures to organize social messengers. Available online at: http://majazi.ir/circularinformation/80811 [in Persian].
  51. Mashreq News (2018). Telegram threatens our national security in 5 components. Available online at: https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/924788/ [in Persian].
  52. Mostafavi, Reza (2017). The meeting of members of the Supreme Council of Cyber ​​Space with the Leader of the Revolution: the meeting on the third of February 2016. Available online at: https://t.me/ahdemanaa [in Persian].
  53. Islamic Council parliament (1380). Rules & regulations of information & computer networks. Available online at: http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/100746 [in Persian].
  54. Islamic Council Research Center (2006). Regulations of organizing the activity of Iranian internet websites. Available online at: http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/127276 [in Persian].
  55. National Center of Virtual Space (2018). Telegram's monopoly has been broken. Available online at: http://majazi.ir/news/8467 [in Persian].
  56. Barnes, Richard; Kolkman, Olaf; Alissa, Cooper; Nordmark, Erik & Dave Thaler (2016). Technical Considerations for Internet Service Blocking & Filtering, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7754.
  57. https://courses.csail.mit.edu/6.857/2017/project/19.pdf
  58. Internet Society (2017). An Overview of Internet Content Blocking,https://www.internetsociety.org/resources/doc/2017/internet-content-blocking.
  59. (2017). Jalaipur: The connection between civil society & Telegram brought about a great electoral victory. Available online at: https://www.irna.ir/news/82547627 [in Persian].
  60. OpenNet Initiative (2018). About Filtering https://opennet.net/about-filtering.
  61. Puder, George; Kamisugi, Todd (2012). System & method for filtering internet content & blocking undesired websites by secure network appliance, Google Patents.
  62. Saribekyan, Hayk; Margvelashvili, Akaki (2017). Security Analysis of Telegram,
  63. Zittrain, Jonathan; Benjamin, Edelman (2005).Internet Filtering Worldwide, http://cyber.harvard.edu/filtering