ارزیابی روابط میان‌نهادی در نظام ملی نوآوری ایران: مطالعه 8 موردی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 دانش آموخته دکتری سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

3 دانشیار مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

4 دانشیار مهندسی مکانیک دانشگاه کاشان

چکیده

مفهوم نهاد در ادبیات اقتصاد و نوآوری، از مفاهیمی است که علی­رغم نبود تعریف واحد، در موارد بسیاری برای توضیح دلایل کارکرد مناسب یا نامناسب یک سیستم اقتصادی یا نظام نوآوری به کار رفته است. مقاله حاضر نیز با بررسی مفهوم نهاد و دسته­بندی­های مختلف آن، تلاش کرده است دلایل عدم کارکرد مناسب نظام ملی نوآوری ایران را از زاویه ارتباطات میان نهادها ارزیابی نماید. در این راستا، یک گونه­شناسی سه بُعدی مبتنی بر شاخصه­های نوین عملکرد، یعنی کارآیی، اثربخشی و تحول­پذیری، ارائه شده و برای شناسایی نهادهای نظام ملی نوآوری ایران که در هر یک از این گونه­ها قرار می­گیرند، مطالعه­ای 8 موردی صورت پذیرفته است. نتایج نشان می­دهد که هیچ­یک از نهادهای بررسی شده به صورت همزمان از کارآیی و اثربخشی مناسب در ارتباط با دیگر نهادهای نظام نوآوری برخوردار نیستند. در نهایت، برای بهبود وضعیت هر یک از گونه­های نهادی، راهبردهای تحول­زا پیشنهاد شده است.

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