شناسایی موانع و سازوکارهای تعاملات ذی‌نفعان در فرایند سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دکتری برنامه ریزی توسعه آموزش عالی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت آموزش عالی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مفاهیم مشارکت و تعامل ذی­نفعان حدود دو دهه است که در ادبیات سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری برجسته شده است. پرسش پژوهش این است که «موانع و سازوکارهای پیش روی تعاملات ذی­نفعان در فرایند سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری چیست؟». برای پاسخ به این سوال، از تحلیل مضمون استفاده شد. بدین منظور دو مجله تخصصی Research Policy وScience and Public Policy  با بیشترین مقالات مرتبط با موضوع این پژوهش، انتخاب و تحلیل شدند. بر اساس یافته­ های پژوهش، مؤلفه ­هایی همچون: تفاوت دیدگاه‌ها، علایق، پیشینه و موقعیت ذی­نفعان، قوانین و مقررات بازدارنده، پیچیدگی موضوع سیاست­ و تخصص‌گرایی، توزیع نامتوازن قدرت، محدود‌بودن گزینه ­های سیاستی، فاصله بین نظریه و عمل سیاسی، تقابل ارزش ­ها و باورها با موضوعات فنی، زمان‌بندی نادرست جهت مشارکت، نظام سیاسی و تجربه و دانش محدود ذی­نفعان، موانع پیش­روی تعاملات ذی­نفعان است. با وجود این موانع، در مقالات تحلیل شده 26 روش تعامل در سه دسته کلی«مجازی و حضوری»، «روش ­های مخصوص عامه­ی مردم و متخصصان» و «روش­های تعامل مستقیم و غیرمستقیم» معرفی شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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سیاستگذاری عمومی
دوره 10، شماره 2
تیر 1403
صفحه 143-154

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