آن سوی شواهد؛ تأملی جامعه‌شناختی در باب مناسبات دانش و خط‌مشی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 استاد برنامه‌ریزی آموزش عالی، مؤسسه پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی آموزش عالی، تهران، ایران

4 دانشیار مدیریت، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

جایگاه دانش در خط‌مشی‌گذاری از دیرباز مورد بحث و مناقشه اندیشمندان بوده، اما در دهه‌های اخیر به صورت جدی‌تری مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. یکی از مهم‌ترین رویکردها در این زمینه، رویکرد خط‌مشی‌گذاری مبتنی بر شواهد است که در سال 1997 به عنوان  بدیل خط‌مشی‌گذاری ایدئولوژیک و مبتنی بر عقیده مطرح شد. این پژوهش به بررسی و نقد این رویکرد پرداخته و استدلال می‌کند که اگرچه ایده خط‌ مشی‌ گذاری مبتنی بر شواهد ایده‌ای مطلوب و ایده‌آل است، اما از آنجا که شواهد علمی و پژوهشی –خصوصاً علوم نرم مانند علوم انسانی و اجتماعی- محصولاتی برساخته مناسبات اجتماعی هستند و نه عینی محض، امکان تحقق ایده خط‌ مشی‌ گذاری مبتنی بر شواهد به عنوان بدیل و جایگزین خط‌مشی‌گذاری ایدئولوژیک و مبتنی بر عقیده، فراهم نیست. به علاوه، حتی با فرض عینی و محض‌بودن دانش بشری، با توجه به اینکه ماهیت خط‌ مشی‌ گذاری با منافع، قدرت، بوروکراسی و نظایر آن عجین شده است، موانع بسیاری (از جمله مبتنی بر اجماع بودن خط‌ مشی‌ گذاری، منطق بوروکراتیک، کمبود زمان و ...) برای به‌کارگیری شواهد علمی در خط‌ مشی‌ گذاری وجود دارد.

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