الگوی معماری مشارکت شبکه‌ای نخبگان علمی در سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در این پژوهش الگویی به منظور طرح‌ریزی معماری و ساختار مشارکت نخبگان علمی در سیاستگذاری علم و فناری ارائه شده است. برای رسیدن به این الگو مبتنی بر رویکرد تفسیری از روش تحلیل مضمون استفاده شده است. در الگوی ارائه شده مبتنی بر تحلیل‌های صورت گرفته و نیز بافتار نخبگی علمی در کشور، اینگونه نتیجه‌گیری شده که این شبکه باید لایه‌بندی و بخش‌بندی داشته باشد و این لایه‌ها و بخش‌ها در نقاطی به یکدیگر متصل می‌شوند. رسمیت و انعطاف در نواحی مختلف شبکه متفاوت است و ابزارها و ساز و کارهای ارتباطی نیز مبتنی بر این رسمیت و کارکردهای مورد نیاز بکارگرفته می‌شوند. بر اساس ویژگی بافتاری دیگری که در نخبگان علمی وجود دارد، عمق، عرض و کیفیت مشارکت در شبکه باید کنترل شود و نهایتاً اینکه رسیدن به اهداف شبکه مستلزم گفتمان‌سازی و مفاهمه بین اجزای مختلف شبکه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مراجع

  1. Abbasi, Hamideh, & Daneshfar, Karamollah. (2021). Model of Citizens' Participation in the First Stage of Public Policy Making (Identification of Public Issues). Interdisciplinary Strategic Studies, 11(42), 247-270. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.24234621.1400.111.42.9.4. {In Persian}
  2. Abdi, Mansoureh. (2013). Presentation of a Model for Extracting Policies to Improve Iran's National Innovation System Using the Theory of Constraints Thinking Process. Phd thesis in Science and Technology Policy, Tarbiat Modares University. {In Persian}
  3. Alford, R, & Friedland, R. (1975). Political participation and public policy. Annual Review of Sociology, 1(1), 429-479 https://www.jstor.org/stable/2110865
  4. Arasti, Mohammadreza, & Haghighi, Majid. (2021). Sustainability of Innovation Networks with Two Mediators: Antecedents and Moderating Factors. Science and Technology Policy, 14(3), 19-36. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20080840.1400.14.3.2.3. {In Persian}
  5. Asadifard, Reza, & Tabatabaian, Seyed Habibollah. (2017). Shametik and Its Lessons for Emerging Science and Technology Networks. Science and Technology Policy, 10(1), 1-17. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20080840.1396.10.1.1.0. {In Persian}
  6. Asadifard, Reza. (2019). Policies supporting networking for the development of science and technology. Science and Technology Policy, 12(2), 333-346. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20080840.1398.12.2.22.7. {In Persian}
  7. Bagherizadeh, Seyed Mohammad. (2011). Science and Technology Policy: An Unparalleled Value-Creation Element. Industrial Technology Development, (17), 5-13. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.26765403.1390.9.17.1.0. {In Persian}
  8. Beigi, Vahid, & Alimohammadi, Abbas. (2015). Identification of influential factors in the failure of scientific and innovation collaboration networks: A diagnosis of intermediary institution offices. Journal of Technology Development Management, 3(3), 81-104. doi: 10.22104/jtdm.2016.377.Knoke, David. (1993). Networks of Elite Structure and Decision Making. Sociological Methods & Research, 22(1), 23-45. https://doi.org/10.22104/jtdm.2016.377. {In Persian}
  9. Clifford W. Brown, Jr., Roman B. Hedges and Lynda W. Powell. (1980). Modes of Elite Political Participation: Contributors to the 1972 Presidential Candidates. American Journal of Political Science, 24(2), 259-290 https://www.jstor.org/stable/2110865
  10. Daneshfar, Karamollah, & Keyaii, Mojtaba. (2010). Citizens' Participation in Public Policy Making. Public Policy in Management Quarterly (Journal of Governmental Management Mission), 1(3), 141-160. {In Persian}
  11. Davis, Gerald F., Greve, Henrich R. (1997). Corporate Elite Networks and Governance Changes in the 1980s. American Journal of Sociology, 103(1), https://doi.org/10.1086/231170
  12. Edquist, C & Hommen, L (2008). Small Country Innovation Systems: Globalization, Change and Policy in Asia and Europe, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited
  13. Eslami, Seyed Reza, Taghvaifard, Mohammad, & Soltanzadeh, Javad. (2010). Identification of Factors Influencing Science and Technology Policy Making: A Case Study of the National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company. Strategic Studies in Oil and Energy Industries, 13(4), 43-60. {In Persian}
  14. Ghazinouri, Sepehr, & Ghazinouri, Soroush. (2008). Extracting Solutions for Reforming Iran's National Innovation System Based on a Comparative Study of Selected Countries. Science and Technology Policy, 1(1), 65-81. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20080840.1387.1.1.8.4. {In Persian}
  15. Ghodsi, Akram, & Hajazi, Elaheh. (2019). Science, Technology Policy, and Promotion of Science in Iran: A National Necessity. Science Promotion, 10(2), 5-31. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22519033.1398.10.2.1.5. {In Persian}
  16. Gholipour, Rahmatollah, Gholampour Ahangar, Ebrahim. (2010). Public Policy Process in Iran. Tehran: Majlis Research Center. {In Persian}
  17. Gorissen, W. H., Schulpen, T. W., Kerkhoff, A. H., & Van Heffen, O. (2005). Bridging the gap between doctors and policymakers: The use of scientific knowledge in local school health care policy in the Netherlands. The European Journal of Public Health, 15(2), 133-139. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cki125
  18. Hart, P.; Kleiboer, M. (1995), Policy Controversies in the Negotiatory State, Knowledge and Policy, The International Journal of Knowledge and Utilization, 15, 5-25
  19. Hazlehurst, D. (2001). Networks and policy making: from theory to practice in Australian social policy. ANU Research Publications
  20. Hofferbert, Richard I. (1970). Elite Influence in State Policy Formation: A Model for Comparative Inquiry. Polity, 2(3), 316-344 https://doi.org/10.2307/3234128
  21. Josselin, Daphné. (2007). Domestic policy networks and European negotiations: Evidence from British and French financial services. Journal of European Public Policy, 3(3), 297-317 https://doi.org/10.1080/13501769608407036
  22. Kalantri, Esmail, Montazer, Gholamali, & Ghazinouri, Sepehr. (2019). Developing Scenarios for Transitioning to an Improved Structure of Science and Technology Policy in Iran. Strategic Management Research, 25(74), 75-102. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22285067.1398.25.74.3.6. {In Persian}
  23. Kalantri, Esmail, Montazer, Gholamali, Ghazinouri, Sepehr. (2021). Fuzzy Average Clustering as a Discourse Analysis Method: A Case Study of Institutional Interactions in Science and Technology Policy in Iran. Methodology of Humanities Sciences, 27(107), 15-33. https://doi.org/10.30471/mssh.2020.6861.2093. {In Persian}
  24. Knoke, David. (1993). Networks of Elite Structure and Decision Making. Sociological Methods & Research, 22(1), 23-45 https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124193022001002
  25. Liu, X.; White, S. (2001), Comparing Innovation Systems: A Framework and Application to China’s Transitional Context, Research Policy, 30, 125-149 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00132-3
  26. Lundvall, B. A., Intarakumnerd, P & Vang, J (2006). Asian Innovation Systems in Transition, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar
  27. Lundvall, B.A.; Borrás, S. (2004), “Science, Technology and Innovation Policy”, In D. C. J. Fagerberg, “The Oxford Hand Book of Innovation”, London, Oxford Press, pp. 599-631
  28. Mahmoudi Mimand, Mohammad, Shayan, Ali, & Kalantari, Nadia. (2009). Dimensions of technology development policy in Iranian ICT.Gorissen, W. H., Schulpen, T. W., Kerkhoff, A. H., & Van Heffen, O. (2005). Bridging the gap between doctors and policymakers: The use of scientific knowledge in local school health care policy in the Netherlands. The European Journal of Public Health, 15(2), 133-139. {In Persian}
  29. Narimani, Meysam, & Hosseini, Seyed Jafar. (2019). Theoretical Foundations of Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy from the Perspective of Economic Schools. Science and Technology Policy, 12(2), 59-70.Omenn, G. S. (2006). Grand challenges and great opportunities in science, technology, and public policy. Science, 314(5806), 1696-1704.‏ https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20080840.1398.12.2.5.0. {In Persian}
  30. Nelson, R. (1993). National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press. 3-22.
  31. Nilforoushan, Hadi, & Arasti, Mohammadreza. (2014). The Failure Process of Innovation Networks: A Knowledge-Based Approach. Science and Technology Policy, 7(4), 89-106. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20080840.1393.7.4.7.1. {In Persian}
  32. Noroozi, Effat, Tabatabaian, Seyed Habibollah, & Ghazinouri, Soroush. (2016). Evaluating the Impact of Intermediary Institutions' Functions in Addressing Weaknesses of Iran's National Innovation System. Science and Technology Policy, 8(1), 15-27. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20080840.1395.9.1.3.5. {In Persian}
  33. Omenn, G. S. (2006). Grand challenges and great opportunities in science, technology, and public policy. Science, 314(5806), 1696-1704.‏ https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1135003
  34. ParlAmericas (2016). Citizen Participation in the Legislative Process. www.Parlamericas.org
  35. Peyvasteh, Sadeq. (2019). Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy: Dimensions and Social Consequences. Science and Technology Policy, 11(2), 43-57. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20080840.1398.12.2.4.9. {In Persian}
  36. Riahi, Parisa. (2019). Institutional Complementarity: A Necessary Condition for Achieving the Innovation System in Iran. Science and Technology Policy, 11(3), 1-3. {In Persian}
  37. Sabatier, Paul. (2017). Theories of the Policy Process. Translated by Hasan Danayifard. Tehran: Saffar Publications. {In Persian}
  38. Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research Methods for Business Students. Research methods for business students (p. 649)
  39. Schon, D.; Rein, M. (1994), Frame Reflection: Toward the Resolution of Intractable Policy Controversies, New York, Basic Books.
  40. Seifoddin, A., & Seyed Esfahani, M. (2008). Challenges facing the science and technology policymaking. International Journal of Industrial Engineering & Production Management, 19(4), 1-15. {In Persian}
  41. Shafiezadeh, Hamid. (2013). Investigating the Status of National Innovation System Development in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Social and Cultural Strategy, 8, 141-164. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22517081.1392.2.3.4.2. {In Persian}
  42. Sheikhzadeh, Hossein. (2006). Intellectuals and Development in Iran. Tehran: Baz Publications. {In Persian}
  43. Shushtari, Reza. (2015). Presentation of a Practical Model for Systematic Technology Policy Making in the Country. Second Scientific Research Conference on New Findings in Management Sciences, Entrepreneurship, and Education in Iran. {In Persian}
  44. Smith, Bruce L. (2003). Public Policy and Public Participation Engaging Citizens and Community in the Development of Public Policy. Canada, Population and Public Health Branch
  45. Soltani, Behzad, Hajihosseini, Hojjatollah, Arasti, Mohammadreza, Ghazinouri, Sepehr, Razavi, Mohammadreza, Shafiea, Mohammadali, Montazeri, Manouchehr, Tabatabaian, Seyed Habibollah, & Shavardi, Marzieh. (2017). Reviewing the Challenges of Iran's National Innovation System and Proposing Policies and Solutions for its Improvement. Strategic Studies in Public Policy, 7(23), 185-198. {In Persian}
  46. Vad, Atul. (1998). Science and Technology Policy. Translated by Fazel Larijani. Rahyaft, 8(18), 69-83. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.10272690.1377.8.18.10.1. {In Persian}
  47. Zang, Xiaowei. (2006). Elites, Social Change and Policy-Making in China: An Introduction. Policy and Society, 25(1), 44569 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1449-4035(06)70124-2
سیاستگذاری عمومی
دوره 10، شماره 2
1403
صفحه 9-25

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار