تقسیم کار ملی در نظام علم، فناوری و نوآوری فضای مجازی ایران؛ رویکرد نگاشت نهادی.

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه توسعه مدل‌های کسب‌و‌کار، پژوهشکده فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات جهاد دانشگاهی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار گروه مدیریت فناوری و صنعتی، دانشگاه تهران (دانشکدگان فارابی)، قم، ایران

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با بهره‌گیری از رویکرد نگاشت نهادی به بررسی بازیگران مهم نظام علم، فناوری و نوآوری فضای مجازی ایران و کارکردهای آن‌ها در این نظام پرداخته است. اهمیت این موضوع از آنجا نشات می‌گیرد که نظام علم، فناوری و نوآوری فضای مجازی دارای تعدد و تنوع بالایی در بازیگران و کارکردها است و تلاش برای بررسی آنها می تواند به فهم بهتر از پیچیدگی‌های ساختاری و کارکردی این نظام کمک کند. گردآوری داده‌های این پژوهش از طریق مطالعه کتابخانه­ای شامل بررسی مطالعات پیشین و اسناد و مدارک از جمله شرح وظایف سازمان­ها، اساسنامه‌ها، قوانین و اسناد بالادستی و همچنین مطالعه میدانی شامل برگزاری پنل با ذینفعان کلیدی صورت گرفته است. بر اساس یافته‌ها، متولی اصلی نظام علم، فناوری و نوآوری فضای مجازی شورای عالی فضای مجازی است. همچنین، وزارت ارتباطات و فناوری اطلاعات دارای بیشترین نقش­آفرینی در میان سایر بازیگران این نظام می‌باشد. نقش­آفرینی نهادهای مدنی و بخش خصوصی نیز در این نظام نیازمند پررنگ‌شدن است. دلالت سیاستی برآمده این پژوهش آن است که حکمرانی نظام علم، فناوری و نوآوری فضای مجازی نیازمند رویکرد شبکه‌ای و مبتنی بر شواهد است که علاوه بر در نظرگرفتن دیدگاه‌ها و انتظارات همه ذینفعان، بر اساس واقعیت‌ها و شرایط عینی عمل نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Adeli, O. A., Maghsoudi, H., Saeedi, A., & Bahrami, H. (2020). Dynamic game between science and technology institutions. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 13(2), 55-70. doi: 10.22034/jstp.2020.12.2.1209
Aghajanian, S. (2016). Functional analysis of technological innovation system in the new generation of digital communication. Roshd -e- Fanavari, 45(12), 1-10.
Aligica, P. D. (2006). Institutional and stakeholder mapping: frameworks for policy analysis and institutional change. Public Organization Review, 6, 79–90. doi: 10.1007/s11115-006-6833-0
Bagheri Zadeh, M. (2011). Science and technology policy making as a unique element of value creating. Quarterly Journal of Industrial Technology Development. 19 (17), 5-14.
Bergek, A., Jacobsson, S., Carlsson, B., Lindmark, S., & Rickne, A. (2008). Analyzing the functional dynamics of technological innovation systems: a scheme of analysis. Research Policy, 37, 407-429. doi: 1016/j.respol.2007.12.003
Choucri, N. & Clark, D. D. (2013). Who controls cyberspace? Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 69(5), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/0096340213501370
Doran, B. (2002). The Impact of Cyber Space on Social Identity. PhD Thesis. Tarbiat Modares University.
Edquist, C. (1997). Systems of innovation: technologies, institutions and organizations. Psychology Press.
Edquist, C. (2005). Systems of innovation: perspectives and challenges. In: J. Fagerberg, D.C. Mowery & R. R. Nelson (Eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, Oxford University Press.
Elyasi, M., Mohammadi, M., Mirzaei, H., & Safardoust, A. (2019). Institutional mapping of innovation in the railway transport industry. Roshd -e- Fanavari, 58(15), 30-38.
Farhangi, M. M., Mirtorabi, S., & Golshani, A. (2019). Clarification of cyberspace policymaking in the Islamic Republic of Iran (Requirements and modifications, within the scope of the objectives in the upstream documents). Islamic Revolution Research, 8(3), 111-132. dor: 20.1001.1.23222573.1398.8.30.6.0
Fartash, K., & Sadabadi, A. A. (2019). Institutions and their influence on science and technology development. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 12(2), 239-253. dor: 1001.1.20080840.1398.12.2.16.1
Firoz Abadi, S. A. (2019). Cyber space and It’s Changes. Behnashr, Astane Ghods Razavi Press.
Forghani, A,. Ansari, R. (2008). Necessity of Development of Iran’s National Innovation System. Rahyaft. 18 (42).
Freeman, C. (1987). Technology and Economic Performance: Lessons from Japan. Pinter, London.
Ghazinoory, S. S., Khaledi, A., Nasri, S., & Hoseini, H. (2021). Nanotechnology innovation system in Iran ‎Based on Functional and Structural Components. Innovation Management in Defensive Organizations, 4(1), 25-52. doi: 10.22034/qjimdo.2020.233464.1316
Ghazinoory, S., & Farazkish, M. (2018). A modal for STI national evaluation based efficiency, effectiveness and Utility index. Strategic Studies of public policy, 8(27), 205-229.
Godarzi, M., rezaalizadeh, H., Gharibi, J., & Mohseni, M. (2014). Pathology of science and technology policies of Iran: an analysis of the five-year development plans. Journal of Technology Development Management, 2(3), 137-161. doi: 10.22104/jtdm.2015.184
Green, C. (2007) Mapping the field: the landscapes of governance. Available at switchurbanwater.eu.
Haghighi Boroujeni, P., Karimi, T., Safdari Ranjbar, M., & Jafari, S. M. (2023). providing the framework of knowledge functions and actors of the national innovation system; Systematic synthesis of research. Scientific Journal of Strategic Management of Organizational Knowledge, 6(1), 61-106. dor: 1001.1.26454262.1402.6.1.2.3
Hassannejad Kashani, B.,  Nasrollahi Kasmani, A. (2018). Identifying and Categorizing the General Policy of Virtual Space. Communication Research. 24 (92), 27-53.
Hekkert, M. P., & Negro, S. O. (2009). Functions of innovation systems as a framework to understand sustainable technological change: Empirical evidence for earlier claims. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 76(4), 584–594. doi: 1016/j.techfore.2008.04.013
Hekkert, M. P., Suurs, R. A., Negro, S. O., Kuhlmann, S., & Smits, R. E. (2007). Functions of Innovation Systems: A New Approach for Analyzing Technological Change. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 74, 413-432. doi: 1016/j.techfore.2006.03.002
Hodavand, M., Fateh Rad, M., & Tabatabaeian, S. (2017). Process analyze of policy-making in Iran’s national innovation system (An Institutional Mapping Framework). Quarterly Journal of the Macro and Strategic Policies, 4(16), 1-18.
Kalantari, E., & Montazer, G. (2016). Concepts, approaches and methods of institutional mapping (with an emphasis on innovation system studies). Rahyaft, 26(62), 55-71. dor: 1001.1.10272690.1395.26.62.4.9
Kalatehaei, Z. & et al. (2020). Developing the road map of Internet of Things technology and the economic mapping corresponding to it in the framework of the division of national work for the development of Internet of Things in the National Information Network. ICT Research Institute, Ministry of ICT. Available at: http://vlib.itrc.ac.ir/parvan/search/
Kebede, K. Y., & Mitsufuji, T. (2017). Technological innovation system building for diffusion of renewable energy technology: A case of solar PV systems in Ethiopia. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 114, 242-253. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.018
Kuehl, D.T. (2009). From Cyberspace to Cyber-power: Defining the Problem, in Cyberpower and National Security, ed. F.D. Kramer, S. Starr & L.K. Wentz. National Defense University Press, Washington (D.C.).
Lundvall, B. A. (1992). National systems of innovation: towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning. Pinter Publishers, London.
Markard, J., & Truffer, B. (2008). Technological innovation systems and the multi-level perspective: Towards an integrated framework. Research Policy, 37(4), 596-615. doi: 1016/j.respol.2008.01.004
Minh, T. T. (2019). Unpacking the systemic problems and blocking mechanisms of a regional agricultural innovation system: an integrated regional-functional-structural analysis. Agricultural Systems, 173, 268-280. doi: 1016/j.agsy.2019.03.009
Miremadi, S. I. (2019). Technological innovation system: a scheme of innovation policy and technology development. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 12(2), 171-192. Dor: 1001.1.20080840.1398.12.2.12.7
Mohammadi, Y., moghbel, A., & Bagheri Moghaddam, N. (2019). Functional analysis framework of regional innovation system in developing countries. Journal of Technology Development Management, 7(2), 43-87. doi: 10.22104/jtdm.2019.3129.2079
Nargesian, A., Pirnejad, A., Haji Mola Mirzaie, H., Ghorbian, A. (2021). Presentation of a model of implementation of cyberspace policies in Iran. Scientific Quarterly Journal of National Security. 11 (39), 161-198.
Nilsson, M., & Moodysson, J. (2011). Policy coordination in systems of innovation: a structural-functional analysis of regional industry support in Sweden. Lund: Lund University, CIRCLE.
Safdari Ranjbar, M., Alinaghian, A., & Ghaderi, F. (2022). Investigating the policies for the development of the artificial intelligence (AI) innovation ecosystem; evidence from Iran. Journal of Innovation Ecosystem, 2(1), 93-111. doi: 10.22111/innoeco.2022.43535.1036
Safdari Ranjbar, M., Karimmian, Z., Faham, E. (2022). Public Policy and Governance (Special Focus on Technology and Innovation). National Research Institute of Science Policy Press. Tehran.
Strate, L. (1999). The Varieties of Cyberspace: Problems in Definition and Delimitation. Western Journal of Communication, 63 (3), 382-412.
Tabatabaeian, S. H., & Entezari, M. (2008). Innovation institution mapping of Iran’s power industry as an example. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 1(1), dor: 1001.1.20080840.1387.1.1.3.9
Taghavi fard, M. T., Vafadar, Z., Rahim, M., & Aghaei, M. (2016). An analysis of political coherence cycle in information and communication technology governance system in Iran. Business Intelligence Management Studies, 4(16), 1-33. doi: 10.22054/ims.2016.5147
(2019). A framework for science, technology and innovation policy reviews harnessing innovation for sustainable development. United Nations publication issued by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. UNCTAD/DTL/STICT/2019/4.
Vahidi monfared, A., & Aliahmadi, A. (2018). The National Institutional Mapping of Science and Technology System Using VSM Systemic Model in order to Fullfill High Level Documents. Management Research in Iran, 21(4), 29-48.
Valeriano, B. & Ryan, C.M. (2015). Cyber war versus cyber realities: Cyber conflict in the international system. Oxford University Press Scholarship Online.
Wieczorek, A. J., & Hekkert, M. P. (2012). Systemic instruments for systemic innovation problems: a framework for policy makers and innovation scholars. Science and Public Policy, 39, 74-87. doi: 1093/scipol/scr008