بررسی سیاست‌های اتحادیه اروپا برای مدیریت تضاد منافع در حوزه تغییر اقلیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار مطالعات منطقه‌ای، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 کارشناسی‌ارشد مطالعات منطقه‌ای، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

تغییر اقلیم ازجمله چالش‌هایی است که زندگی بشر بر روی کره­ زمین را تهدید می­کند. در این میان، کشورهای عضو اتحادیه اروپا نیز مستثنا نبوده و در معرض خطرات ناشی از تغییر اقلیم هستند. هدف پژوهش حاضر پاسخ به این پرسش است که سیاستگذاری اتحادیه اروپا برای حل چالش تضاد منافع در موضوع تغییر اقلیم چگونه بوده است؟ در پاسخ می­توان این فرضیه را مطرح کرد که اتحادیه اروپا برای مقابله با تغییر اقلیم رویکردی نهادی را اتخاذ کرده است که بر اساس آن نهادهای سیاستگذار با در نظر گرفتن مخاطرات تغییر اقلیم و در عین حال تفاوت­ های کشورهای عضو، سیاست ­هایی را اتخاذ نموده، نهادهای قانون­ گذار بستر قانونی موردنیاز را فراهم کرده و با تلاش برای ایجاد تعادل میان منافع اقتصادی و منافع زیست محیطی با همراهی سیاستگذاران به مدیریت تضاد منافع ناشی از تغییر اقلیم پرداخته­ اند. برای بررسی فرضیه از نظریه حکمرانی چندسطحی و برای آزمون آن از روش «مطالعه موردی ذاتی» بهره گرفته شده است. نتایج نشان می­ دهد اتحادیه اروپا از راه ایجاد هماهنگی میان کشورهای مختلف و در نظر گرفتن شرایط اقتصادی کشورهای ضعیف ­تر توانسته است به مقابله با تغییرات آب‌وهوایی بپردازد. افزون بر آن، به‌نوعی در سطح بین­ المللی نیز با در نظر گرفتن شرایط کشورهای درحال‌توسعه به مقابله با این پدیده کمک کرده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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سیاستگذاری عمومی
دوره 9، شماره 3
1402
صفحه 25-39

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