The Principles of Criminal Policy-making in Cyberspace: from Divergence to Convergence

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Criminal Law and Criminology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

2 PhD student of criminal law and criminology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

Regarding the Cyberspace, as much as mere opportunistic views can be harmful, the threatening perception of this space also brings unwanted consequences. The main reason for adopting the above two extreme approaches is the lack of specific Criminal policy-making. In the light of public policy literature, the present research explores and presents the principles of Criminal policy-making and its manifestations (criminal policy and penal policy) with a descriptive-analytical method.The ten research findings suggest; First, the principles of "the stability of the fundamentals of the real and cyber world", "necessity of maintaining privacy security", "sustainability and sustainable development" and "creating a balance between values" should be the headlines of Criminal policy-making, and then regarding the participation of society in the field of criminal policy, the principles "Justice-oriented", "transparency" and "maintaining social cohesion and acceptance of cultural diversity" should be used, and finally, to achieve the desired penal policy, the principles of "gradual criminalization ", "needs-oriented" and " Timeliness and changeability" should be on the agenda.

Keywords

References

Adams T., Policy Making in law, London, 2016, London University Press: London.
Alinaghi Amirhosseyn, Culture and Social Cohesion in Iran, [In Persian]. Strategic Studies Quarterly, No. 3, 1999: Tehran.
Alsabiei Fares Ibn Aloush Ibn Badi, The role of transparency and issues in reducing administrative corruption in government sectors, (PhD thesis in security sciences), [In Arabic] Naif Arab University in Riyadh, 2010.
Ameli Seyyed Saeed Reza, Two-Space Governance Model, First Edition, 2018, [In Persian]. Amir Kabir Publication: Tehran.
Ansari Bagher, Freedom of Information, First Edition, 2008. [In Persian], Daadgostar Publications: Tehran.
Bahrami Bahram, Legal and jurisprudential principles, First Edition, 2017. [In Persian], Negahe Bayyeneh Publications: Tehran.
Berge Achim, Improved Rules on Public Access to Documents, 2000. Stockholm University: Stockholm.
Brenner, Susan, Toward a Criminal law for Cyberspace: Distributed security, University of Dayton school of Law, http://law.bepress.com/ expresso/eps/.
Carey, Peter, Media law, sweet & Maxwell, second edition, 1999: , London.
Child and Adolescent Protection Law 2020
Civil Code of the Islamic Republic of Iran 1928
Criminology in confronting political events, encyclopedia of criminal science, fourth book of empirical criminal science, First Edition, 2018, [In Persian]. Mizan Publication: Tehran.
Davari Ardakani, Reza, Humanities and Development Planning, Tehran, [In Persian]. Fardaei Diger Publishing House, 2018: Tehran.
Dawson E.T., Public Policy and Political Philosophy, Third Edition,2014, stage publication: London.
Delaney Gerard, Community key Ideas, 2009, Rutledge Publication: London.
Esmaeili Mohsen, Speeches in Media Law, Volume One, First Edition, 2017, [In Persian]. Islamic culture publishing office: Tehran.
Farhani, Mohammad Mehdi and Mirtrabi, Seyed Saeed and Golshani, Alireza, "The Pathology of Cyberspace Policymaking in Iran Based on the Theory of Post-developmentalism", [In Persian]. Journal of Political Science, Number 1, Serial 65, Winter 2021.
Farzad Alireza & Rahimi Pour Iman, Basics and Consequences of Telegram Network Filtering from the Perspective of Criminology, [In Persian]. Collection of Articles of the First Conference on the Prevention of Victimization of Women and Children in Cyber Space, 2020: Yazd.
Fathi Younes & Shahmoradi Kheyrollah, The Scope and Territory of Privacy in Cyberspace, [In Persian]. Legal Journal of Justice, Volume 81, Number 99, October 2016:Tehran.
Fazli, Mehdi, Criminal liability in cyberspace[In Persian], Khorsandi Publishing House, first edition, 2009: Tehran.
Foucault Michel, The Birth of Politics, Najafzadeh Reza (Translator), 10th Edition, 2021. [In Persian], Ney Publications: Tehran.
Firouzabadi, Seyyed Abolhasan and Azadi Ahmadabadi, Javad, Analysis of the background of cyberspace governance of the Islamic Republic of Iran[In Persian], Political Knowledge Magazine, 16, 2019: Tehran.
Gassin Raymond, The Crisis of Criminal policies in Western Countries, Najafi Abrandabadi Ali Hossein (Translator), Journal of Legal Research, Volume One, Number 10, 1992: Tehran.
Ghanimati Hassan, Management Patterns of Cultural and Religious Diversity and its Relationship with Rebellion and Cohesion, [In Persian]. Journal of Intercultural Studies, 2016: Tehran.
Ghomashi Saeid, Re-Examination of The Concept of Criminal Policy in the Light of Public Policy, First Edition, 2022, [In Persian]. Mizan Publication: Tehran.
Grossi, Saeedeh, An introduction to social psychology theories[In Persian], Sociologists Publication, first edition, 2018: Tehran.
Heywood Andrew, Political Theory: An Introduction, Alem Abdolrahman (Translator), First Edition, 2004. [In Persian], Ghomes Publications: Tehran.
Hosseyni Sadrabadi Iraj & Mohammad Pour Mohammad Javad, [In Persian]. Knowledge of Public Law Quarterly, Year 12, Number 40, Summer 2023: Tehran.
Howlett M., Ramesh M., & Perl A., Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles & Policy Subsystems, Monavvariyan Abbas & Golshan Ebrahim (Translators), 2001. [In Persian], Public Administration Training Center Publications: Tehran.
iranthinktanks.com/investigating-the-challenges-of-developing-the-virtual-space-ecosystem-in-the-field-of-children-and-adolescents/.
isti.ir
momtazserver.com
parsmodir.com
Human rights and duties from the perspective of Imam Sajjad (peace be upon him), [In Persian]. Hozva and University Magazine, No. 31, 2007.
Jalali Alireza & Maldar Mohammad Hassan, Feasibility of Referring to Public Opinions in the Legislation of Crime and Punishment in Islam and the Legal Systems of Iran and Italy, [In Persian]. Fiqh and Islamic Law Studies, No. 26, Spring 2022: Tehran.
James R, General Policy in society, 2009, Oxford University Press: Oxford.
James R, General Policy in society, 2009, Oxford University Press: Oxford.
Jamshidi Afsaneh, The Gradual Course of Expressing the Rulings in the Holy Qur'an, [In Persian]. Qur'an Research Electronic Publication, second year, seventh issue, 2010.
Jom’e Pour Mahmoud, The Main Factors in the Process of Sustainable Development of People, Resources and Spaces and the Map of People's Participation in it, [In Persian]. Social Sciences Quarterly, Volume 10, Number 22, September 2002: Tehran.
Jonathan P.G., Social Oriented policy, 2012, London.
Kadkhodaei Abbasali & Saed Vakil Amir, Citizen rights on the Internet, First Edition, 2015, [In Persian]. Javdaneh Jangal Publications: Tehran.
Kelly John M., A Short History of Western Legal Theory, Rasekh Mohammad (Translator), First Edition, 2003, [In Persian], Tarhe No Publications: Tehran.
Lazerges Christine, Introduction à La Politique Criminelle, Najafi Abrandabadi Ali Hossein, (Translator), 5th Edition, 2021. [In Persian], Mizan Publications: Tehran.
Mohaghegh Damad Seyyed Mostafa, Jurisprudence Rules 5, General Section, the Responsibility of the Government Towards the Citizens, First Edition, 2020, [In Persian]. Islamic Sciences Publication: Tehran.
Morad Hasel Niloufar & Mazini AmirHosseyn, Investigating the Effect of Using the Capabilities of Virtual Space in the Realization of Sustainable Urban Development in Iran, [In Persian]. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, No. 22, 2014: Tehran.
Nobahar Rahim, The Feasibility of Criminal Policymaking in the Light of Islamic Teachings (Dynamic Criminal Law, Collection of Categories under the Care of Prof.Dr. Mohammad Ali Ardabili), 2022, [In Persian]. Mizan Legal Publication: Tehran.
Sadeghi Didokht, Development in the Concept of the Principle of Non-Interference in International Law, [In Persian]. International Relations Studies Quarterly, Volume 4, Number 16, 2010: Tehran.
Sarikhani Adel & Akrami Sarab Rouhollah, Preventive Functions of Transparency in Criminal Policy, [In Persian]. Judiciary Law Journal, No. 82, Summer 2013: Tehran.
Shiri, Abbas, Criminal policy making about the rights of Victims [In Persian]. Iranian Journal of public Policy, vol9, No.2, 2023: Tehran.
Iranian Journal of Public Policy
Volume 10, Issue 1
June 2024
Pages 158-176

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics