A Critical Analysis on the Management Discourses of Forests in Northern Iran

Document Type : Research Article

Author

Assistant Professor of Forest, Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahr-e Kord University, Shahr-e Kord, Iran

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to rethinking and formulates the different point of views proposed regarding the way to manage forests in the north of Iran by using the inductive qualitative content analysis method. In this regard, after identifying active activism institutions, the published propositions and narratives were extracted, and in the next step, the used themes were classified, and then the discourses governing the existing views were identified. Finally, a critical analysis of the discourses was done. The results showed that 6 activist organizations, including environmental nongovernmental organizations, media and newspapers, scientific associations, universities, natural resources research institutes, and executive and supervisory organizations are active in the field of northern forest management. In total, as a result of extracting the point of views of activists, 121 propositions, 13 themes and 3 management discourses were formulated, including: 1- preparation and implementation of an alternative plan in the framework of the forest breathing plan, 2- museum protection of the forest and 3- return to forestry plans. The first and second discourses were promoted in the environmental nongovernmental organizations, media and newspapers, and the creation of the third discourse was mainly nurtured by the activism institution of the university and to some extent the executive organization of the country's natural resources. Critical analysis shows that none of the three mentioned discourses are able to realistically interpret and explain the chaotic situation of forest management. What has been raised like a big shadow on the foundation of these three management discourses, It is a reductionist approach to the issue of forests and forestry in Iran. A problem that is not possible to understand without having a problematical understanding in the light of an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary perspective.

Keywords

References

  1. Abedi Jafari, H., Taslimi, M. S., & Sheikhzadeh, M. (2010). Theme analysis and theme network: a simple and efficient way to explain patterns in qualitative data, Strategic Management Thought, (5)2, 151-198 (In Persian).
  2. Agnoletti, M., Dargavel, J., & Johann, E. (2009). History of forestry. The role of food, agriculture, forestry and fisheries in human nutrition, 2, 1-28.
  3. Ahrari, S., Najafi, A., & Hoseinzade Kashan, A. (2021). Predicting the deterioration of the forest road network by employing the Markov chain (Case study: Forest road in the western part of Haraz). Iranian Journal of Forest, 13(1), 73-85 (In Persian).
  4. Ahrari, S., Najafi, A., Hoseinzade Kashan, A. (2021). Predicting the deterioration of the forest road network by employing the Markov chain (Case study: Forest road in the western part of Haraz). Iranian Journal of Forest, 13(1), 73-85. doi: 10.22034/ijf.2021.247488.1739
  5. Armat, M. R., Assarroudi, A., Rad, M., Sharifi, H., & Heydari, A. (2018). Inductive and deductive: Ambiguous labels in qualitative content analysis. The Qualitative Report, 23(1), 219-221.
  6. Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of advanced nursing, 62(1), 107-115.
  7. 2020. The State of the World’s Forests: Forests, biodiversity and people.
  8. Fazeli, N. (2019). Life is all about understanding the problem, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies press, 409 p (In Persian).
  9. Gutierrez Garzon, A. R., Bettinger, P., Abrams, J., Siry, J. P., & Mei, B. (2022). Forest sustainability in state forest management plans: a content analysis. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 41(1), 92-113.
  10. Habert, G., Bouzidi, Y., Chen, C., Jullien, A., 2010. Development of a depletion indicator for natural resources used in concrete, Conservation and Recycling (54):364-376.
  11. Haidari, M., & Karamdoost Maryan, B. (2016). The study and policy cessation of forest utilization or forest logging in hyrcanian forests (Case study: Shafarood forests). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 24(4), 736-724 (In Persian).
  12. Hataminejad, E., & Amoo, H. (2019). The Pathology of Iranian Land Use Planning. Regional Planning, 9(34), 27-38 (In Persian).
  13. Islamic Parliament Research Center. (2014). Report of the position of the environment in the country's development plans. Vice President of Infrastructure Research and Production Affairs. 64p (In Persian).
  14. Jahani, A., Feghhi, J., & etemad, V. (2021). Evaluation of the wood harvesting and livestock on the degradation of forest using ‎‎optimized degradation model. Forest Research and Development, 7(2), 199-211 (In Persian).
  15. Kalaki, H. (2008). Fundamental Theory in the Way Theorizing. Journal of Culture-Communication Studies, 10(6), 119-140 (In Persian).
  16. Kalantari, S., Abaszade, M., Sadati, M., Pour Mohammad, R., & Mohammadpour, N. (2009). Discourse analysis: with the emphasis on critical discourse as a method of qualitative research.. Sociological studies, 2(4), 7-28 (In Persian).
  17. Kamyab, H., & Asadolahi, Z. (2021). A study on the effects of Hyrcanian deforestation on greenhouse gases emission in Golestan Province. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research, 19(1), 76-93 (In Persian).
  18. Kinda, H., & Thiombiano, N. (2021). The effects of extractive industries rent on deforestation in developing countries. Resources Policy, 73, 102203.
  19. Loseke, D. R. (2017). Thinking about social problems: An introduction to constructionist perspectives. Translated by Saeed Moaidfar, Amirkabir press 284p (In Persian).
  20. Ma, Z., Kittredge, D. B., & Catanzaro, P. (2012). Challenging the traditional forestry extension model: Insights from the Woods Forum Program in Massachusetts. Small-Scale Forestry, 11(1), 87-100.
  21. Mahmoudi, B. (2014). Forest spatial planning model with the approach of systemic analysis and human ecology in Central Zagros forests, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Tehran, 220 p. (In Persian).
  22. Mahmoudi, B., Feghhi, J., & Makhdoum, M. (2020). Spatial Forest Resources Planning Model: A New Strategy for Iranian Forest Planning. Environment and Development, 11(21), 45-56 (In Persian).
  23. Mahmoudi, B., Marvie Mohadjer, M. R., Danehkar, A., & Feghhi, J. (2014). Estimating of forest cover changes in topographic zones in Mazandaran Province. Journal of Natural Environment, 67(3), 333-341 (In Persian).
  24. Makhdoom, M. (2017). Foundation of land use planning. Tehran University Press, 289 p. (In Persian).
  25. McDill, M. E. (2014). An overview of forest management planning and information management. The management of industrial forest plantations, 27-59.
  26. Mojabi, S. M. (2016). Report on the state of the environment in Iran and the world and describe the functions. Department of Environment. 67 p (In Persian).
  27. Mostafa, M., Espahbodi, K., Hatami, N., & Asadi, F. (2020). Policy managment investigation of implementation and non-implementation of forestry plan in Babol Roud, Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 28(2), 180-191 (In Persian).
  28. Pearse, P. H. (1990). Introduction to forestry economics. UBC Press.
  29. Sagheb-Talebi K, Pourhashemi M, Sajedi T. 2014. Forests of Iran: A Treasure from the Past, a Hope for the Future. Springer.
  30. Salehi, E., & Pourasghar, S. F. (2009). An Analysis of Challenges Facing Territorial Management in Iran. Strategy, 17(3), 149-151 (In Persian).
  31. Seeland , K., Schmithusen, F., 2000. Man in the forest, published by: D.K. Printwood in India, 372p.
  32. Shamekhi, T. (2016). Regulation & Administration of Natural Resources (Forest and Rangeland). University of Tehran press, 463p (In Persian).
  33. Sharifzadegan, M. H., & Razavi Dehkordi, S. A. (2010). Evaluation of National Strategic Spatial Planning Process in Iran with Recommendations for Improvement. Environmental Sciences, 7(4), 87-100 (In Persian).
  34. Shirzadi Laskookalaye, S., Amirnejad, H., & Hoseini, S. (2021). The Investigation on the economic and social consequences of forest logging in Mazandaran Province. Iranian Journal of Forest, 12(4), 491-506 (In Persian).
  35. Shirzadi Laskookalayeh, S., Amirnejad, H., & Hosseini, S. (2022). Identification strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and offering management strategies for forest logging and forest logging ban. Environmental Sciences, 20(2), 135-154 (In Persian).
  36. Siry, J. P., Cubbage, F. W., & Ahmed, M. R. (2005). Sustainable forest management: global trends and opportunities. Forest policy and Economics, 7(4), 551-561.
  37. Sivaramakrishnan, K. (2021). Modern Forestry: Trees and Development Spaces in South-west Bengal, India. In The Social Life of Trees (pp. 273-296). Routledge.
  38. Soltani, N. (2013). Evaluation land use planning projects face obstacles in Iran integrate approach. The Journal of Spatial Planning, 17 (3), 63-84 (In Persian).
  39. Stoyan, D., & Penttinen, A. (2000). Recent applications of point process methods in forestry statistics. Statistical science, 61-78.
  40. Tabrizi, M. (2014). Qualitative content analysis from the perspective of deductive and inductive approaches. Social Sciences, 21(64), 105-138 (In Persian).
  41. Tenorio, E. H. (2011). Critical discourse analysis, an overview. Nordic journal of English studies, 10(1), 183-210.
  42. Torres-Rojo, J. M., Moreno-Sánchez, R., & Mendoza-Briseño, M. A. (2016). Sustainable forest management in Mexico. Current Forestry Reports, 2(2), 93-105.
  43. Von Gadow, K., Pukkala, T., & Tomé, M. (Eds.). (2001). Sustainable forest management (Vol. 1). Springer Science & Business Media.
  44. Wenger, K. F. (Ed.). (1984). Forestry handbook. John Wiley & Sons.
  45. Wolf, M. J, Emerson, J. W., Esty, D. C., de Sherbinin, A., Wendling, Z. A., et al. (2022). 2022 Environmental Performance Index. New Haven, CT: Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy. epi.yale.edu.
Iranian Journal of Public Policy
Volume 8, Issue 4
2023
Pages 122-136

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics