This article aims to introduce the approach of Argumentative policy analysis &its application process. Public policy analysis has various approaches, that each of them has specific objectives &focus on specific variables in policy analysis. Argumentative policy analysis focuses on policy Argument &its characteristics in order to provide different aspects of confrontation between the parties of an argument. Policymakers make a variety of arguments for a variety of purposes, including justifying their policies or to persuade audiences &gain public support. In this paper, the components of Argumentative policy analysis based on Toulmin model including clime, data, warrant, Backing, Qualifier, Rebuttal are described, &In the following, the functions &examples of application of argumentative analysis in policy analysis are presented, which can be a good manual for public policy researchers.
Abdollahi, Manijeh; Amal Saleh, Ihya (2012). "Investigation of the Argument Structure in Three Texts of the Qajar Period". Shiraz University's Boostan-e Adab Journal, Volume 4, Number 2, pp. 152-174 [in Persian].
Afzali, parichehr. (2012). Globalization Now &Later. A Study of Interactive Argumentation among EFL Learners , Language &Culture in Europe , Master degree, Department of Culture &Communication , Linköping University.
Al-Hosseini, Fereshte, Sajjadi, Seyed Mahdi, Sadeghzadeh, Alireza, Mehrmohammadi, Mahmoud (2015). "Philosophy of Islamic education in the light of practical perspectives: confronting work theory". Quarterly Journal of Research in Islamic Education Issues, 23 (28), 107 -130 [in Persian].
Attaran, Atena (2012) Speech Act of Argumentation: a Comparison of Articles, Teaching English, Master Degree, English Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.
Buse K, Mays N, Walt G. (2012) Making health policy. Open University Press.
Cano- Basare, Amparo Elizabeth; He, Yulan (2016) a Study of the Impact of Persuasive Argumentation in Political Debates. Proceeding of NAACL-HLT, Pp,1405-1413.
Carr, Chad (2003) Using Computer Supported Argument Visualization to Teach Legal Argumentation, Visualizing Argumentation, Pp. 75-96.
Carson, Marcus, Tom R. Burns, &Dolores Calvo (2009) paradigms in public policy: theory &practice of paradigm shift in the EU, Peter Lang.
Chahar Sooghi Amin, Tina; Soltani, Ali Asghar; Hejazi, Mohammad Javad (2018). "Argument or sophistry: Rhetorical study of speeches for &against representatives of the Islamic Council". Social linguistics Quarterly, volume 2, number 4, pp. 68-80 [in Persian].
Dunn, William (2013) Public policy analysis: an integrated approach. Routledge.
Fischer, Frank (2003) Reframing Public Policy. Discursive Politics &Deliberative Practices. New York: Oxford University Press.
Fischer, Frank (2007) Deliberative Policy Analysis as Practical Reason: Integrating Empirical &Normative Arguments. In Fischer, Frank, Gerald J. Miller, Mara S. Sidney (2007) Handbook of Public Policy Analysis. Theory, Politics &Methods. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Fischer, Frank (2013) “Policy Expertise &the Argumentative Turn: Toward a Deliberative Policy-Analytic Approach”, Revue française de science politique (English Edition), Vol. 63, No. 3-4, pp.95-114.
Fischer, Frank &Gottweis, Herbert (2012) The Argumentative Turn Revisited. Public Policy as Communicative Practice. Durham & London: Duke University Press.
Gasper, Des (1995) analyzing policy arguments.Chapter for Arguing Development Policy - Frames &Discourses, eds. R. Apthorpe &D. Gasper, London: Frank Cass, 1996, &a special issue of The European Journal Of Development Research, 1996 (June), pp. 36-62.
Gilbert, Michael A. (1994) “Multi-Modal Argumentation.” Philosophy of the Social Sciences, Vol. 24, No. 2, 159-177.
Gilson L. (1994) Reforming the health sector in developing countries: the central role of policy analysis. Health Policy &Planning. Vol. 9, No.4, pp353-70.
Green, Mitchell (2016) Speech Act Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics, Publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304410044.
Greenwald, Alison Rose (2007) Learning How to Argue: Experiences Teaching the Toulmin Model to Composition Students, Art, Master degree, Lawa State University.
Hall, Peter (1993) "Policy Paradigms, Social Learning, &the State: The Case of Economic Policymaking in Britain". Comparative Politics, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp 275-296.
Hayif Sameer, Imad (2017) Analysis of Speech Act Patterns in Two Egyptian Inaugural Speeches, SIELE Journal, Vol.4, No. 2, Pp 134-147.
Jafari Tabar, Hassan (2019) "Implementation of Toulmin's Argument Model in Law". Quarterly of Private Law Studies, Volume 49, Number 1, pp. 35-50 [in Persian].
Khoirunisa, Andini; Nur Indah, Rohamani (2017) Argumentative Statements in the 2016 Presidential Debates of the u.s: A Critical Discourse Analysis, JEELS, Vol.4, No.2, Pp 155-173.
Krishna Rohit, Sakala Venkata (2019) Study of Argument Structure in Parliamentary Debates , Exact Humanities ,master degree, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad
Lasswell, Harold D. (1971) a Pre-view of Policy Sciences, New York: American Elsevier Publishing Co.
Levasseur, David G. (2005) “The Role of Public Opinion in Policy Argument: An Examination of Public Opinion Rhetoric in the Federal Budget Process” Journal of Argumentation &Advocacy, Vol. 41, No. 3, Pp 152-167.
Liewellyn, Clare (2012) Using Argument Analysis to Define a Structure for User Generated Content, Philosophy, Doctor Degree, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh.
Mayer, Igor, Daalen, Els van, Bots, Pieter (2004) “Perspectives on Policy Analysis: A Framework for Understanding &Design” International Journal of Technology Policy &Management, Vol. 4, No. 2, Pp 1-23.
Mazinani, Abolfazl &Nasiri, Sahar (2019). "Research method design for the application of Toulmin's Argument in stylistics, discourse analysis, &legal linguistics". Linguistic Studies, 10(3), 169-189 [in Persian].
Mirjani, Hamid (2010). "Logical reasoning as a research method". Safa magazine, 20(50), 35-50 [in Persian].
Morady Moghaddam, Mostafa (2012) Discourse Structures of Conddence Speech Act, Journal of English Language, No. 10.Pp 106-125.
Nozari, Hamzeh (2015). "Analysis of reactions &arguments opposed to development strategies after the Islamic Revolution". Economic Sociology &Development, 4(2), 137-163 [in Persian].
Nussbaum, E. Michael(2011) Argumentation, Dialogue Theory, &Probability Modeling: Alternative Frameworks for Argumentation Research in Education, Taylor &Francis Journal, Vol. 46, No. 2 ,Pp. 84-106.
Parsons, Wayne (2017) Public Policy: An Introduction to the Theory &Practice of Policy Analysis. Translated by Hamidreza Malek Mohammadi, Tehran: Research Institute of Strategic Studies. first volume [in Persian].
Poluzhgn, M.M; Vrabel, T.T (2005), Basic Problems of Speech Act Theory, English Department, Uzhhorod National University.
Rieke, Ricard D; Sillars, Malcom O, Peterson, Tarla Rai (2012) Argumentation &Critical Decision Making. Publisher Pearson, 8 Ed.
Ripley, M. Louise (2005) "Arguing For the Ethics of an Ad: An Application of Multi-Modal Argumentation Theory" in Hitchcock, David (ed.) (2005) The Uses of Argument: Proceedings of a Conference at McMaster University. Ontario Society for the Study of Argumentation.
Saad, Muhammad &tamma, sukri (2018) structure &forms of the argument analysis in the maing of the city government budget policy in makassar, Jurnal Politik Profetik, Vol. 6, No. 2, 174-197.
Secchi, Leonardo (2016)Policy Analysis in Brazil: A Comparison of Rationalist &Argumentative Approaches, Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research &Practice, Vo. 18, No. 1 , 88-101.
Simon, Simona; Cartis, Deniel Djica (2015) Speech Acts in Written Advertisements: Identification, Classification &Analysis, Procedia &Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 192, No. 2, Pp. 234-239.
Simosi, Maria(2003) Using Toulmin ’s Framework for the Analysis of Every day Argumentation: Some Methodological Considerations, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Vol. 17,Pp. 185-202.
Smith, Kevin &Larimer, Christopher (2017). A theoretical introduction to public policy. Translated by Behzad Attarzadeh. Tehran: Scientific &Cultural Publications [in Persian].
Teglgaard Andersen, Karen Sofie (2017) an Analysis of Presentation in a Political Discourse, Trump &the Media, spring semester.
Toulmin, Stephan E (2003) the uses of Argument, Published in The United States Of America By Cambridge University press, New York.
Wang, Jianfang (2016) on Freeman’s Argument Structure Approach, Published at: http://ceur-ws.org.
White, Hugh c (1988) Speech Act Theory &Biblical criticism, Published by Scholars Press, New York.
Wildavsky, Aaron. (I979) Speaking Truth to Power. Boston: Little, Brown &Co. (Published in Britain as the Art &Craft of Policy Analysis, London: Macmillan I980).
Wingate, Ursula (2012) Argument! Helping Students Underst&What Essay Writing is About, Journal of English for Academic Purposes, Vol. 11, Pp. 145-154.
Wodak, Ruth (2015) Argumentation, Political, Available at:
Zittoun, Philippe (2015)” Analyzing policy failure as an argumentative strategy in the policymaking process: A pragmatist perspective” Public Policy &Administration, Vol. 30, No. 3–4, Pp 243–260.
Kamali,Y , Sheikhzadeh Joshani,S and Kamyabi,K . (2022). Argumentative Analysis in Public Policy: Process and Functions. Iranian Journal of Public Policy, 8(3), 9-25. doi: 10.22059/jppolicy.1401.89538
MLA
Kamali,Y , , Sheikhzadeh Joshani,S , and Kamyabi,K . "Argumentative Analysis in Public Policy: Process and Functions", Iranian Journal of Public Policy, 8, 3, 2022, 9-25. doi: 10.22059/jppolicy.1401.89538
HARVARD
Kamali Y, Sheikhzadeh Joshani S, Kamyabi K. (2022). 'Argumentative Analysis in Public Policy: Process and Functions', Iranian Journal of Public Policy, 8(3), pp. 9-25. doi: 10.22059/jppolicy.1401.89538
CHICAGO
Y Kamali, S Sheikhzadeh Joshani and K Kamyabi, "Argumentative Analysis in Public Policy: Process and Functions," Iranian Journal of Public Policy, 8 3 (2022): 9-25, doi: 10.22059/jppolicy.1401.89538
VANCOUVER
Kamali Y, Sheikhzadeh Joshani S, Kamyabi K. Argumentative Analysis in Public Policy: Process and Functions. Iran J Public Policy. 2022;8(3):9-25 (In Persian). doi: 10.22059/jppolicy.1401.89538