Inclusive Innovation Structural Factors: Application in Public Policy Making for Inequality Reduction

Authors

1 Associate professor Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran

2 Associate professor , Management, University of Tehran

3 Phd Candidate, Entrepreneurship, University of Tehra

Abstract

Studies show innovation policies in the world have increased the gap between rich and poor. So a new conceptual research era has developed as a new looks to public policy making as “inclusive growth” and “inclusive innovation” to identify the innovative practices which results in inequality reduction. This research aims to identify the structural dimensions of inclusive innovation formation. The study is a qualitative met synthesis on inclusive innovation articles. “Heeks inclusive innovation ladder” was used for data analysis and the identified items were classified in micro to macro level. The final Model has four Dimensions: Government, appropriate technology, international networks and NGOs as structural dimensions affecting inclusive innovation. Study finding emphasis on appropriate technology as a suitable platform for engaging and empowering the marginalized people in order to reduce the inequality

Keywords

References

1- ابوالحسنی، ز.، حسن زاده، ع.، قاضی نوری، س. س.، & پورعزت، ع. ا. (1393). ارزیابی برخی از مدل های نوآوری از منظر میزان هماهنگی با اهداف عدالت اجتماعی. فصلنامه سیاست علم و فناوری, سال ششم(شماره 4 ( پیاپی24)).
2- بیات،  ‌آصف(1379). سیاست های نئولیبرالی و نقش سازمانهای غیردولتی؛ نگاهی به تجربه خاورمیانه. فصلنامه گفتگو, 28(1), 161–205.
3- پورعزت، ع. ا.، خانیکی، ه.، یزدانی، ح.، & مختاری، ب. (1396). شناسایی راهبردهای بخش دولتی در مواجهه با سازمان‌های مردم‌نهاد در فرآیند خط‌‌مشی‌گذاری عمومی در ایران؛ مطالعه موردی: حوزه محیط زیست و منابع طبیعی. فصلنامه سیاستگذاری عمومی, 3(2), 91–116.
4- حیدری، ح.، & صالحیان صالحی نژاد، ز. (1393). نابرابری درآمدی تهدیدی برای سلامت جامعه: ارزیابی مجدد رابطه ی توزیع درآمد و سلامت در ایران با رویکرد نوین. فصلنامه رفاه اجتماعی, 14(53), 7–36.
5- ستاری، س. (1396). فراسوی ریاضیات توسعه؛ چرخشی سوی الاهیات توسعه (اولویّت متافیزیک توسعه بر فیزیک توسعه). فصلنامه سیاستگذاری عمومی, 3(2), 9–27.
6- صفری شالی، ر.،& مهدی زاده اردکانی، م. (1396). بررسی میزان احساس برخورداری از رفاه اجتماعی و عوامل موثر بر آن (مطالعه در بین شهروندان شهر اردکان). برنامه ریزی رفاه و توسعه اجتماعی, 8(30), 177–224.
7- فلاحی، ب. (1396). بررسی جریان‌سازی جنسیتی در فرآیند سیاستگذاری. سیاستگذاری عمومی, 3(2), 237–257. https://doi.org/10.22059/ppolicy.2017.62838
8- مبینی دهکردی، ع.، & کشتکار هرانکی، م. (1395). فراترکیب مدلهای نوآوری اجتماعی. فصلنامه برنامه‌ریزی رفاه و توسعه اجتماعی، سال هفتم، شماره 26 ،بهار 1395, 26(7), 101–138.
9- مهدوی، ا.، & عزیزمحمدلو، ح. (1396). بررسی تاثیر ساختار سیاستگذاری صنعتی بر کیفیت و کارکرد سیاست‌های طراحی‌شده در حوزه صنایع کوچک و متوسط ایران. سیاستگذاری عمومی, 2(3), 55–77. https://doi.org/10.22059/ppolicy.2016.60109.
10- نظری، ع. ا.، & سازمند، ب. (2015). مدل‌ها و الگوهای مدیریت تنوعات هویتی و قومی: ارائه‌‌ راه‌کارهایی برای ایران. سیاستگذاری عمومی, 1(1), 107–129. https://doi.org/10.22059/ppolicy.2015.57155
11- نیلی، م.، درگاهی، ح.، نیلی، ف.، & کردبچه، م. (1396). دولت و رشد اقتصادی در ایران.
12- Agapitova, N. (2014). SUPPORTING INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS THAT SCALE. In Symposium on Innovation and Inclusive Growth.
13- Aghion, P., & Bolton, P. (1997). A theory of trickle-down growth and development. The Review of Economic Studies, 64(2), 151–172.
14- Ali, I. (2007). Inequality and the imperative for inclusive growth in Asia. Asian Development Review, 24(2), 1.
15- Ali, I., & Son, H. H. (2007). Measuring inclusive growth. Asian Development Review, 24(1), 11.
16- Asongu, S. A., & Nwachukwu, J. C. (2016). The role of governance in mobile phones for inclusive human development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Technovation, 55, 1–13.
17- Atkins, S., Lewin, S., Smith, H., Engel, M., Fretheim, A., & Volmink, J. (2008). Conducting a meta-ethnography of qualitative literature: lessons learnt. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8(1), 21.
18- Basu, S., & Weil, D. N. (1998). Appropriate technology and growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(4), 1025–1054.
19- Boix, C. (2009). The Conditional Relationship between Inequality and Development. PS: Political Science & Politics, 42(October), 645. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096509990072.
20- Chataway, J., Hanlin, R., & Kaplinsky, R. (2014). Inclusive innovation: an architecture for policy development. Innovation and Development, 4(1), 33–54.
21- Cozzens, S. E., Bobb, K., & Bortagaray, I. (2002). Evaluating the distributional consequences of science and technology policies and programs. Research Evaluation, 11(2), 101–107.
22- Cozzens, S. E., Bortagaray, I., Gatchair, S., & Thakur, D. (2008). Emerging technologies and social cohesion: Policy options from a comparative study. In PRIME Latin America Conference. Citeseer.
23- Cozzens, S. E., & Kaplinsky, R. (2009). Innovation, poverty and inequality: cause, coincidence, or co-evolution? In Handbook of Innovation Systems and Developing Countries (pp. 57–82).
24- Cozzens, S., & Sutz, J. (2014). Innovation in informal settings: Reflections and proposals for a research agenda. Innovation and Development, 4(1), 5–31.
25- Dixon-Woods, M., Agarwal, S., Jones, D., Young, B., & Sutton, A. (2005). Synthesising qualitative and quantitative evidence: a review of possible methods. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, 10(1), 45–53.
26- Donovan, K. (2012). Mobile money for financial inclusion. In Information and communication for development (pp. 61–73). Washington D.C.: World Bank.
27- Dutz, M. A. (2007). Unleashing India’s Innovation.
28- Dutz, M. A. (2007). Unleashing India’s innovation: toward sustainable and inclusive growth. World Bank Publications.
29- Echeverri‐Carroll, E., & Ayala, S. G. (2009). Wage differentials and the spatial concentration of high‐technology industries*. Papers in Regional Science, 88(3), 623–641.
30- Faggio, G., & Nickell, S. (2007). Patterns of work across the OECD*. The Economic Journal, 117(521), F416–F440.
31- Finfgeld, D. L. (2003). Metasynthesis: The state of the art—so far. Qualitative Health Research, 13(7), 893–904.
32- Finlayson, K. W., & Dixon, A. (2008). Qualitative meta-synthesis: a guide for the novice. Nurse Researcher, 15(2), 59–71.
33- Foster, C., & Heeks, R. (2013). Conceptualising inclusive innovation: Modifying systems of innovation frameworks to understand diffusion of new technology to low-income consumers. The European Journal of Development Research, 25(3), 333–355.
34- Foster, C., & Heeks, R. (2014). Nurturing user–producer interaction: inclusive innovation flows in a low-income mobile phone market. Innovation and Development, 4(2), 221–237.
35- Fressoli, M., Arond, E., Abrol, D., Smith, A., Ely, A., & Dias, R. (2014). When grassroots innovation movements encounter mainstream institutions: implications for models of inclusive innovation. Innovation and Development, 4(2), 277–292.
36- Galor, O., & Zeira, J. (1993). Income distribution and macroeconomics. The Review of Economic Studies, 60(1), 35–52.
37- George, G., Mcgahan, A. M., & Prabhu, J. (2012). Innovation for Inclusive Growth: Towards a Theoretical Framework and a Research Agenda. Journal of Management Studies, 49(4), 661–683. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2012.01048.x.
38- Grassl, W. (2011). Business models of social enterprise: A design approach to hybridity. In paper to the ACRN Conference on Social Entrepreneurship Perspectives, Linz, Austria (pp. 26–27).
39- Greenwood, J., & Jovanovic, B. (1990). Financial development, growth, and the distribution of income. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5, Part 1), 1076–1107.
40- Gupta, A. K. (2007). Towards an inclusive innovation model for sustainable development. Global Business Policy Council, AT Kearney-CEO’s Retreat,.
41- Gupta, A. K. (2012). Innovations for the poor by the poor. International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development, 5(1), 28–39.
42- Hayek, F. A. (1976). Law, legislation and liberty, volume 2: The mirage of social justice (Vol. 2). University of Chicago Press.
43- Heeks, R., Foster, C., & Nugroho, Y. (2014). New models of inclusive innovation for development. Innovation and Development, 4(2), 175–185.
44- Henkel, J. (2006). Selective revealing in open innovation processes: The case of embedded Linux. Research Policy, 35(7), 953–969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2006.04.010.
45- Ismail, T., & Masinge, K. (2012). Mobile banking: Innovation for the poor. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 4(3), 98–127.
46- Jack, W., & Suri, T. (2011). Mobile money: The economics of M-PESA. National Bureau of Economic Research.
47- Janiunaite, B., & Gelbudiene, E. (2014). Educating Social Entrepreneurs as Agents for Inclusive Innovation, 4(4), 54–62.
48- Jensen, L. A., & Allen, M. N. (1996). Meta-synthesis of qualitative findings. Qualitative Health Research, 6(4), 553–560.
49- King, D. (2003). Complementary Resources and the Exploitation of Technological Innovations. Journal of Management, 29(4), 589–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(03)00026-6.
50- King, R. G., & Levine, R. (1993). Finance and growth: Schumpeter might be right. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108(3), 717–737.
51- Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity 1. Personnel Psychology, 28(4), 563–575.
52- Mendoza, R. U., & Thelen, N. (2008). Innovations to make markets more inclusive for the poor. Development Policy Review, 26(4), 427–458.
53- Nijhof, A., Fisscher, O., & Looise, J. K. (2002). Inclusive innovation: a research project on the inclusion of social responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 9(2), 83–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.10.
54- Noblit, G. W., & Hare, R. D. (1988). Meta-ethnography: Synthesizing qualitative studies (Vol. 11). sage.
55- OECD. (2010). The OECD Innovation Strategy. Handbook of Innovation Indicators and Measurement. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264083479-en.
56- OECD. (2011). Demand-Side Innovation Policies. Executive summary. New Directions for Youth Development, 2012(133), 3–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20002.
57- OECD. (2014a). Knowledge and Innovation for Inclusive Growth. Paris.
58- OECD. (2014b). Symposium On Innovation And Inclusive Growth. Paris, France.
59- OECD. (2015). Innovation Policies for Inclusive Growth. Paris.
60- Pansera, M. (2013). Frugality, grassroots and inclusiveness: new challenges for mainstream innovation theories. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 5(6), 469–478.
61- Paunov, C. (2013a). Innovation and Inclusive Development. In Conference Discussion Report. Cape Town, South Afriqa: OECD.
62- Paunov, C. (2013b). Innovation and inclusive development: A discussion of the main policy issues. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, 2013(1), 0_1.
63- Prahalad, C. K. (2012). Bottom of the Pyramid as a Source of Breakthrough Innovations. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(1), 6–12.
64- Pursell, C. (1993). The rise and fall of the appropriate technology movement in the United States, 1965-1985. Technology and Culture, 34(3), 629–637.
65- Raghav Narsalay, Leandro Pongeluppe, & D. L. (2015). The Hidden Pitfalls of Inclusive Innovation. Stanford Social Innovation Review.
66- Rodríguez-Pose, A., & Tselios, V. (2013). Toward Inclusive Growth: Is There Regional Convergence in Social Welfare? International Regional Science Review, 160017613505201.
67- Rui, J. (2012). Transaction Cost, Policy Options and Inclusive Innovation. In International Conference on Inclusive Innovation and Innovative Management (ICIIIM 2012).
68- Sandelowski, M. (2006). “Meta-Jeopardy”: The crisis of representation in qualitative metasynthesis. Nursing Outlook, 54(1), 10–16.
69- Smith, A., Fressoli, M., & Thomas, H. (2014). Grassroots innovation movements: Challenges and contributions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 63, 114–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.12.025.
70- Stronks, K., Mheen, H. D., Looman, C. W. N., & Mackenbach, J. P. (1996). Behavioural and structural factors in the explanation of socio‐economic inequalities in health: an empirical analysis. Sociology of Health & Illness, 18(5), 653–674.
71- Swamy, V. (2012). Bank-based financial intermediation for financial inclusion and inclusive growth.
72- Swamy, V. P. M. (2011). Financial inclusion in India: An evaluation of the coverage, progress and trends. IUP Journal of Financial Economics, 9(2), 7.
73- Thorne, S., Jensen, L., Kearney, M. H., Noblit, G., & Sandelowski, M. (2004). Qualitative metasynthesis: reflections on methodological orientation and ideological agenda. Qualitative Health Research, 14(10), 1342–1365.
74- Tumasjan, A., & Braun, R. (2012). In the eye of the beholder: How regulatory focus and self-efficacy interact in influencing opportunity recognition. Journal of Business Venturing, 27(6), 622–636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2011.08.001.
75- Van Reenen, J. (1996). The creation and capture of rents: wages and innovation in a panel of UK companies. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 195–226.
76- Vincent-Lancrin, S., & Echazarra, A. (2014). Inclusive Innovation In Education. In Symposium on Innovation and Inclusive Growth.
77- WorldBank, & OECD. (2014). Making innovation Policy Work; Learning from Experimentation. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264185739-en.
 
 
Iranian Journal of Public Policy
Volume 4, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
September 2018
Pages 33-56

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics