Scale Pluralism and Institutional Overdose in Iran's Environmental Policy and Structure

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Watershed Management Science and Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

2 Ph.D. Student of Watershed Management Science and Engineering, University of Hormozgan, Bandarabbas, Iran

Abstract

Ignoring the spatial scale in underst&ing of environmental processes resulted in a vagueness in problem statement, legislative inefficiencies & Institutional overdose. Assigning spatial concepts to natural & environmental objects make the scale & a critical point in legislation & policymaking. Focusing on qualitative content analysis & institutional approach & proportional & predicative basis in logic perception of legislator & policymakers were surveyed in environmental laws & Policies. 364 of such documents, emphasizing on water Equity Act & Soil Conservation Act, showed that scale Pluralism cause a type of vagueness & Institutional overdose at last. It is necessary to define such a base spatial Unit which could represent the problem in national level.

Keywords

References

  1. Abdullahi, Mohsen & Faryadi, Masoud (2010), Legal challenges of Iran Environmental Protection Organization, Quarterly of Environmental Sciences, Year 7, Number 4, pp. 143-180 [in Persian].
  2. Abdullahi, Mohsen & Rizvanifar, Mohammad Mahdi (2012), Iran's legal system & the problem of environmental policy-making, Strategy Quarterly, year 21, number 64, pp. 221-248 [in Persian].
  3. Abniki, Hassan, (2007), Institutional Approach to Political Decision-Making Process, Domestic Policy, Year 1, Second 2, pp. 9-33 [in Persian].
  4. &ersson, Krister; Evans, Tom; Gibson, Clark C & Wright, Glenn, 2014, Decentralization & Deforestation: Comparing Local Forest Governance Regimes in Latin America, In State & Environment the Comparative Study of Environmental Governance, &reas Duit Ed: The MIT Press, pp. 239- 263.
  5. Ashtarian, Kyomarth, (2019), a call for political science in Iran, Shargh newspaper, number 3596, pp. 1-2 [in Persian].
  6. Baker, Susan & Eckerberg, Katarina, 2014, The Role of the State in the Governance of Sustainable Development: Subnational Practices in European States, In State & Environment the Comparative Study of Environmental Governance, &reas Duit Ed: The MIT Press, pp. 179-202.
  7. Collection of environmental laws & regulations (international conventions & treaties), second volume, legal & parliamentary affairs administration of the Environmental Protection Organization. Available online at: https://doe.ir [in Persian].
  8. Collection of environmental laws & regulations, first volume, legal & parliamentary affairs administration of the Environmental Protection Organization. Available online at: https://doe.ir [in Persian].
  9. Cornish, Lisa, (2019), UN report details global failure to enforce environmental laws, https://www.devex.com.
  10. Davari, Kamran; Rashidi, Mohammad; Omranian Khorasani, Hamid, (2018), the necessity of revising the law on fair distribution of water in Iran, Public Policy Quarterly, Volume 5, Number 3, pp. 19-20 [in Persian].
  11. Duit, &reas, 2014, Introduction: The Comparative Study of Environmental Governance, In: State & Environment The Comparative Study of Environmental Governance, Edited by &reas Duit, The MIT Press, 1-23.
  12. Dungan, J.L., Perry, J.N., Dale, M.R., Legendre, P., Citron-Pousty, S., Fortin, M.-J., Jakomulska, A., Miriti, M. & Rosenberg, M.S, (2002), A balanced view of scale in spatial statistical analysis. Ecology, 25(5): 626-640.
  13. Ebtekar, Masoumeh, (2016), I am opponent of the integration of environment with natural resources, Quds Online News-Analytical website. Available online at: http://www.qudsonline.ir [in Persian].
  14. FAO, (2019), http://www.fao.org.
  15. Faryadi, Masoud, (2018), pathology of inter-organizational cooperation in environmental protection in Iranian administrative law, Administrative Law Quarterly, year 6, number 16, pp. 109-131 [in Persian].
  16. Hannigan, John, (2013), Environmental Sociology, translated by Musa Anbari, Anwar Mohammadi & Milad Rostami, third edition, Tehran University Press [in Persian].
  17. Haqiqat, Seyedsadegh, (2002), the confrontation of behaviorism & institutionalism in political science, Quarterly Journal of the Methodology in Humanities, year 14, number 55, pp. 139-154 [in Persian].
  18. Harris, T.M, 2006, Scale as artifact: GIS, ecological fallacy, & archeological analysis, in Confronting Scale in Archaeology issues of Theory & Practice, Gray Lock & Brian Leigh Molyneaux (Eds), Springer.
  19. Helisaz, Arshak, (2017), the challenge of the ecosystem in environmental policy-making, the first conference on governance & public policy-making, Tehran [in Persian].
  20. Helisaz, Arshak, (2019), soil, L& subsidence, L& subsidence. Sharq newspaper, pp. 1-2. Available online at: http://sharghdaily.com [in Persian].
  21. Helisaz, Arshak; Bahrahi, Fahima & Ostadhadi Dehkordi, Sohrab (2013), The ordinal Effect of Spatial Scale in Earth & Environmental Science Studies, Earth Science Research, Year 4, Number 13, pp. 17-36 [in Persian].
  22. Hosseinizadeh, Seyyed Mohammad Ali, (2012), from institutionalism to discourse: an introduction to the application of institutionalist theories in political science, year 15, number 60, pp. 83-109 [in Persian].
  23. Ioris, Antonio Augusto Rossotto, 2014, The Political Ecology of the State The basis & the evolution of environmental statehood, Published by Routledge.
  24. Jamshidi, Alireza, (2009), environmental protection in the approach of public institutions, derived from environmental law: theories & procedures, legal & parliamentary affairs administration of the Environmental Protection Organization, Khors&i Press, pp. 105-115 [in Persian].
  25. Javaheri, Mohammad Saeed, (2009), Environmental protection in the approach of public institutions, derived from environmental law: theories & procedures, legal & parliamentary affairs administration of the Environmental Protection Organization, Khors&i Press, pp. 55-64 [in Persian].
  26. Keyvani Amine, Mohammad, (2006), knowing the school of institutionalism, &isheh Sadeq Quarterly, No. 22, pp. 91-119 [in Persian].
  27. Knill Christoph, Shikano Susumu, & Tosun Jale, 2014, Explaining Environmental Policy Adoption: A Comparative Analysis of Policy Developments in Twenty-Four OECD Countries, In: State & Environment the Comparative Study of Environmental Governance, Edited by &reas Duit, the MIT Press, 53-79.
  28. Krippendorff, Klaus, 2004, Content Analysis An introduction to its methodology, Second Edition, Sage Publications, Inc.
  29. Maljean-Dubois, S&rine, (2017), the effectiveness of environmental law: a key topic. The effectiveness of Environmental Law, Intersentia, halshs-01675498.
  30. Meadowcroft, James, Comparing Environmental Performance, 2014, In State & Environment the Comparative Study of Environmental Governance, &reas Duit Ed: The MIT Press, pp. 27-51.
  31. Mohammad Vali Samani, Jamal, (2005), Directorate of Water Resources & Sustainable Development, Bureau of Infrastructure Studies, serial number: 7374 [in Persian].
  32. Moradi, Jamshid, (2019), revitalization of public rights in the field of environment, the meeting of the head of the judiciary system with environmental activists. Available online at: http://dadiran.ir [in Persian].
  33. National Environmental Document of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2012, Environmental Protection Organization [in Persian].
  34. Niazi, Mohammad, (2008), environmental protection in the approach of public institutions, derived from environmental law: theories & procedures, legal office & parliamentary affairs of environmental protection organization, Khors&i press, pp. 29-35 [in Persian].
  35. Onwuemele, &rew, (2011), Appraising The Institutional Framework For Environmental Management In Nigeria, Journal of Advanced Research in Management, ASERS Publishing, vol. 2 (2), p.p.254-260.
  36. Poursaid, Farzad, (2002). Theorizing in political science, the reflective approach of study, Strategic Studies, No. 16, pp. 591-600 [in Persian].
  37. Quattrochi, Dale. A & Goodchild, Michael. F, 1997, Scale in remote sensing & GIS, CRC Press.
  38. Rajabi Tarkhorani, Mohammad, (2005), An introduction to the logic & theory of sets with an intuitive view, Basic Science Press [in Persian].
  39. Ramezani Baseri, Abbas & Mirfardi, Asghar, (2014), Explaining Institutionalism & Its Tendency to the Development, Economic Magazine, Year 14, No. 3 & 4, pp. 121-138 [in Persian].
  40. Saed, Nader, (2009), Considerations about the perspective of comparative environmental law, taken from Environmental Law: Theories & Procedures, Legal & Affairs Administration of the Environmental Protection Organization, Khors&i Press, pp. 74 -65 [in Persian].
  41. Selajageh, Ali, (2019), Revival of public rights in the field of environment, a joint meeting between the head of the judicial system & environmental activists. Available online at: http://dadiran.ir [in Persian].
  42. Sewell, W.R.D; Coppock, J.T & Pitkethly, Alan, 2003, Institutional innovation in water management: the Scottish experience, Taylor & Francis Inc.
  43. Sjöstedt, Martin, 2014, Enforcement & Compliance in African Fisheries: The Dynamic Interaction between Ruler & Ruled, In State & Environment the Comparative Study of Environmental Governance, &reas Duit Ed: The MIT Press, pp. 265-292.
  44. Sommerer, Thomas, 2014, Early Bird or Copycat, Leader or Laggard? A Comparison of Cross-National Patterns of Environmental Policy Change, In: State & Environment The Comparative Study of Environmental Governance, Edited by &reas Duit, The MIT Press, 149-177.
  45. Tabrizi, Mansoureh, (2014). Qualitative content analysis from the perspective of analogical & inductive approaches. Journal of Social Sciences, No. 64, pp. 105-138 [in Persian].
  46. The final statement of the conference on environmental rights & progress of the country, (2007), Organization of Environmental Protection [in Persian].
  47. The Law of fair distribution of water, Research Center of the Islamic Council. Available online at: https://www.majlis.ir [in Persian].
  48. The Law of Soil Protection, Islamic Council Research Center, Available online at: https://www.majlis.ir [in Persian].
  49. Vaez-Javadi, Fatemeh, (2009), Environmental protection in the approach of public institutions, derived from environmental law: theories & procedures, legal office & parliamentary affairs of environmental protection organization, Khors&i press, pp. 17-21 [in Persian].
Iranian Journal of Public Policy
Volume 7, Issue 4
2021
Pages 167-188

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics