University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Public Policy 2538-5577 11 3 2025 08 23 Explaining The Policy Change Of The Restriction Of Legal Representatives Of Private Entities In Courts Based On Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework Explaining The Policy Change Of The Restriction Of Legal Representatives Of Private Entities In Courts Based On Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework 52 67 103595 10.22059/jppolicy.2025.103595 FA Sina Ataherian PhD Student of Public Policy, Faculty of Management and Strategic Planning, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran. 0009-0000-9498-9531 Seyed Mohammad Sahebkar Khorasani Assistant Professor Of Innovation Policy And Foresight, Technology Studies Institute, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-3790-740X Meisam Narimani Associate Professor of Science & Technology Policy Making, Technology Studies Institute, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-4204-3565 Journal Article 2025 09 10 The present study explains the policy change of allowing private entities to use non-lawyer legal representatives in judicial courts within the Kingdon's multiple streams framework. Published documents and interviews with policy actors were used as research resources, and through thematic analysis, the main themes, organizing themes, and overarching themes were formulated. The high cost of litigation for private entities in courts and the unemployment of many law graduates are identified as the problem stream. Meanwhile, allowing private entities the privilege of introducing legal representatives and creating equal opportunities between public and private entities are considered as the policy stream. The political stream has been defined in the form of follow-up in the parliament and the Judiciary. Furthermore, the representatives of the parliament and professional associations, as well as the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance, have been identified as policy entrepreneurs. The venue shopping has been the main strategy for these entrepreneurs in the occurrence of this change The present study explains the policy change of allowing private entities to use non-lawyer legal representatives in judicial courts within the Kingdon's multiple streams framework. Published documents and interviews with policy actors were used as research resources, and through thematic analysis, the main themes, organizing themes, and overarching themes were formulated. The high cost of litigation for private entities in courts and the unemployment of many law graduates are identified as the problem stream. Meanwhile, allowing private entities the privilege of introducing legal representatives and creating equal opportunities between public and private entities are considered as the policy stream. The political stream has been defined in the form of follow-up in the parliament and the Judiciary. Furthermore, the representatives of the parliament and professional associations, as well as the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance, have been identified as policy entrepreneurs. The venue shopping has been the main strategy for these entrepreneurs in the occurrence of this change https://jppolicy.ut.ac.ir/article_103595_5b3baead52ff75ad26cf9b77694f0f2c.pdf